aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2019-65-4-363-388aari-215Research ArticleОКЕАНОЛОГИЯOCEANOLOGYВлияние притока из Атлантики на содержание пресной воды в верхнем слое Арктического бассейнаInfluence of Atlantic inflow on the freshwater content in the upper layer of the Arctic basinАлексеевГ. В.AlekseevG. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

alexgv@aari.ruПнюшковА. В.PnyushkovA. V.

Санкт-Петербург, 

St. Petersburg, Fairbanks

СмирновА. В.SmirnovA. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ВязиловаА. Е.VyazilovaA. E.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ГлокН. И.GlokN. I.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институтРоссияState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research InstituteRussian FederationГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт; Международный Арктический научно-исследовательский центр, Университет АляскиРоссияState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute; International Arctic Research Center, University of AlaskaRussian Federation201919122019654363388Copyright © Алексеев Г.В., Пнюшков А.В., Смирнов А.В., Вязилова А.Е., Глок Н.И., 20192019Алексеев Г.В., Пнюшков А.В., Смирнов А.В., Вязилова А.Е., Глок Н.И.Alekseev G.V., Pnyushkov A.V., Smirnov A.V., Vyazilova A.E., Glok N.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/215

На основе данных океанографических наблюдений в Арктическом бассейне за 1960– 2010-е гг. прослежены междесятилетние совместные изменения в слое воды атлантического происхождения и содержания пресной воды (СПВ) в верхнем слое для того, чтобы оценить влияние притока из Атлантики на изменения СПВ. Полученные результаты показали, что верхняя граница слоя АВ, отождествляемая с глубиной нулевой изотермы, повсеместно под­нялась в 1990–2010-е гг. на несколько десятков метров относительно ее положения до начала потепления в 1970-е гг. Нижняя граница слоя, также определяемая по глубине нулевой изо­термы, опустилась. Такие смещения границ слоя свидетельствуют об увеличении объема воды в Арктическом бассейне, поступившей не только через пролив Фрама, но и через Баренцево море. Для сохранения баланса должно было произойти сокращение объема верхнего наиболее динамичного опресненного слоя и, соответственно, уменьшиться содержание пресной воды в этом слое. Наши расчеты подтвердили, что в 1990-е гг. СПВ в слое 0–100 м уменьшилось до 2 м и более в евразийской части Арктического бассейна к западу от 180° в.д., а к востоку от 180° в.д. ближе к берегам Аляски и Канадского архипелага, возросло. Эта тенденция усилилась в 2000-е и в 2010-е гг. Сравнение распределений СПВ и положения верхней границы слоя АВ в разные десятилетия методом пространственной корреляции полей подтвердило тесную связь между обоими распределениями. Прослежен отклик температуры АВ в проливе Фрама, Барен­цевом море и в Арктическом бассейне на аномалии температуры воды в тропической области Атлантики, который свидетельствует о тропическом воздействии на арктические процессы.  

Inter-decadal changes in the water layer of Atlantic origin and freshwater content (FWC) in the upper 100 m layer were traced jointly to assess the influence of inflows from the Atlantic on FWC changes based on oceanographic observations in the Arctic Basin for the 1960s – 2010s. For this assessment, we used oceanographic data collected at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) and the International Arctic Research Center (IARC). The AARI data for the decades of 1960s – 1990s were obtained mainly at the North Pole drifting ice camps, in high-latitude aerial surveys in the 1970s, as well as in ship-based expeditions in the 1990s. The IARC database contains oceanographic measurements acquired using modern CTD (Conductivity – Temperature – Depth) systems starting from the 2000s. For the reconstruction of decadal fields of the depths of the upper and lower 0 °С isotherms and FWC in the 0–100 m layer in the periods with a relatively small number of observations (1970s – 1990s), we used a climatic regression method based on the conservativeness of the large-scale structure of water masses in the Arctic Basin. Decadal fields with higher data coverage were built using the DIVAnd algorithm. Both methods showed almost identical results when compared.  The results demonstrated that the upper boundary of the Atlantic water (AW) layer, identified with the depth of zero isotherm, raised everywhere by several tens of meters in 1990s – 2010s, when compared to its position before the start of warming in the 1970s. The lower boundary of the AW layer, also determined by the depth of zero isotherm, became deeper. Such displacements of the layer boundaries indicate an increase in the volume of water in the Arctic Basin coming not only through the Fram Strait, but also through the Barents Sea. As a result, the balance of water masses was disturbed and its restoration had to occur due to the reduction of the volume of the upper most dynamic freshened layer. Accordingly, the content of fresh water in this layer should decrease. Our results confirmed that FWC in the 0–100 m layer has decreased to 2 m in the Eurasian part of the Arctic Basin to the west of 180° E in the 1990s. In contrast, the FWC to the east of 180° E and closer to the shores of Alaska and the Canadian archipelago has increased. These opposite tendencies have been intensified in the 2000s and the 2010s. A spatial correlation between distributions of the FWC and the positions of the upper AW boundary over different decades confirms a close relationship between both distributions. The influence of fresh water inflow is manifested as an increase in water storage in the Canadian Basin and the Beaufort Gyre in the 1990s – 2010s. The response of water temperature changes from the tropical Atlantic to the Arctic Basin was traced, suggesting not only the influence of SST at low latitudes on changes in FWC, but indicating the distant tropical impact on Arctic processes. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.