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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2020-66-3-337-348</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-293</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОКЕАНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCEANOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ прямых измерений толщин льда и высот снега, наблюдений Cryosat-2 и численных оценок системы PIOMAS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of direct measurements of sea ice thickness and snow height, CryoSat-2 observations and PIOMAS numerical estimates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смоляницкий</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyanitsky</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vms@aari.aq</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюряков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turyakov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фильчук</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filchuk</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>337</fpage><lpage>348</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смоляницкий В.М., Тюряков А.Б., Фильчук К.В., Фролов И.Е., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смоляницкий В.М., Тюряков А.Б., Фильчук К.В., Фролов И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smolyanitsky V.M., Turyakov A.B., Filchuk K.V., Frolov I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/293">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/293</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты сравнения прямых измерений толщин льда и высот снега в точках выполнения гидрологических станций экспедиции «Трансарктика-2019» с альтиметрическими наблюдениями ИСЗ CryoSat-2 и численными оценками Системы панарктического численного моделирования льда и океана (PIOMAS). Показано существенно лучшее соответствие пространственной изменчивости прямых измерений и расчетов толщин льда на основе спутниковых наблюдений в сравнении с численными оценками системы и ассимиляции данных PIOMAS. Пробная коррекция алгоритма расчета толщины льда путем замены климатических значений плотности льда, плотности и высоты снега на данные прямых измерений значимо улучшает качество расчета толщины льда по наблюдениям ИСЗ. Полученные средние и среднеквадратические разности для толщин льда (+44/+96 см для CryoSat-2 без коррекции, +30/+95 см для CryoSat-2 с коррекцией, –14/+81 см для системы PIOMAS) и высот снега (–4/+12 см для CryoSat-2, –15/+12 см для системы PIOMAS) показывают масштабы неопределенности дистанционной оценки толщин морского льда и высот снега для районов преобладания средних и толстых однолетних льдов. Сравнение с наблюдениями ИСЗ и численными оценками предыдущих лет показывают, что экспедиция ААНИИ фактически была проведена в один из наиболее благоприятных для ледовых исследований годов последнего десятилетия для данного региона — средняя толщина льда в апреле 2019 г. была на 15 — 28 см выше таковой для интервала 2011 — 2019 гг. при несколько меньшей (1 — 2 см) высоте снежного покрова. Сравнение с данными ледового картирования показывает, что в более ранний период 1970 — 1990-х гг. данный район характеризовался значительно более толстыми старыми льдами с характерными толщинами на ~60 см больше, чем в апреле 2019 г. Привлечение данных высокоширотных экспедиций «Север» 1950 — 1970-х гг. не позволяет дать однозначный отчет о характере наблюденных в апреле 2019 г. аномалий толщин льда и высот снега.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of comparison of contact measurements of ice thicknesses and snow heights performed at the points of the hydrological stations of the “Transarktika-2019” expedition in April 2019 north of Franz-Josef Land archipelago, with altimetry observations of the Cryosat-2 satellite and numerical estimates of the PIOMAS (Pan-Arctic numerical Ice and Ocean Modeling system and data Assimilation). A significantly better correspondence is predictably shown between the variability of the ice thickness directly measured and observed using the CryoSat-2 satellite than that for the numerical PIOMAS system estimates. A trial correction of the algorithm for calculating the ice thickness by replacing the climatic values of the ice density, snow density and height with data from direct measurements also predictably improves the quality of calculating the ice thickness from satellite observations. The mean / route mean square differences obtained for ice thicknesses (+44/+96 cm for uncorrected and +30/+95 cm for corrected CryoSat-2 satellite, –14/+81 cm for PIOMAS system) and snow height (–4/+12 cm for CryoSat-2 satellite, –15/+12 cm for PIOMAS system) show the scale of uncertainty in estimating sea ice thickness and snow height for areas dominated by medium and thick first-year ice. An anomaly of the ice thicknesses observed during the expedition is given in comparison with the background characteristics based on historical ice charting data for 1970s — 1990s, earlier High-Arctic aircraft “Sever” expeditions during 1950s — 1970s and the stated remote observations and numerical estimates for 2000s — 2019. Comparison shows that the AARI expedition was actually carried out in one of the most favorable years for ice research in the last decade for this region — the average ice thickness in April 2019 was 15 — 28 cm higher than that for the interval 2011 — 2019 with a slightly lower (1 — 2 cm) height of the snow cover. In the earlier period of the 1970 — 1990s this area was characterized by significantly thicker old ice with characteristic thicknesses ~ 60 cm more than in April 2019.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высота снега</kwd><kwd>контактные наблюдения</kwd><kwd>превышение льда</kwd><kwd>толщина льда</kwd><kwd>«Трансарктика-2019»</kwd><kwd>CryoSat-2</kwd><kwd>PIOMAS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CryoSat-2</kwd><kwd>ice freeboard</kwd><kwd>ice thickness</kwd><kwd>in situ observations</kwd><kwd>PIOMAS</kwd><kwd>snow height</kwd><kwd>“Transarktika-2019”</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ № 18-05- 60048.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was funded by the RFBR grant № 18-05-60048.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов И.Е., Иванов В.В., Фильчук К.В., Макштас А.П., Кустов В.Ю., Махотина И.А., Иванов Б.В., Уразгильдеева А.В., Сёмин В.Л., Зимина О.Л., Крылов А.А., Богин В.А., Захаров В.Ю., Малышев С.А., Гусев Е.А., Барышев П.Е., Пильгаев С.В., Ковалев С.М., Тюряков А.Б. 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