aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-2-134-146aari-351Research ArticleФИЗИКА АТМОСФЕРЫ И ГИДРОСФЕРЫATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE PHYSICSАнализ динамики арктического полярного вихря во время внезапного стратосферного потепления в январе 2009 гAnalysis of the Arctic polar vortex dynamics during the sudden stratospheric warming in January 2009ЗуевВ. В.ZuevV. V.

 Томск

Tomsk

СавельеваЕ. С.SavelievaE. S.

 Томск

Tomsk

esav.pv@gmail.comПавлинскийА. В.PavlinskyA. V.

 Томск

Tomsk

Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202109072021672134146Copyright © Зуев В.В., Савельева Е.С., Павлинский А.В., 20212021Зуев В.В., Савельева Е.С., Павлинский А.В.Zuev V.V., Savelieva E.S., Pavlinsky A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/351

Арктический полярный вихрь во время своего жизненного цикла часто подвергается воздействию волновой активности. Распространяющиеся из тропосферы в стратосферу планетарные волны Россби эпизодически приводят к смещению или расщеплению полярного вихря, сопровождающемуся внезапным стратосферным потеплением (ВСП). В январе 2009 г. наблюдалось одно из сильнейших ВСП за весь период наблюдений в Арктике. В данной работе динамика полярного вихря во время ВСП 2009 г. рассмотрена с использованием нового метода, позволяющего определить площадь вихря и скорость ветра по границе вихря, а также оценить средние значения температуры и массового отношения смеси озона внутри вихря на основе данных реанализа ERA5. На основе анализа динамики арктического полярного вихря за 42 года и на примере ВСП 2009 г. показано, что, как правило, при снижении площади вихря менее 10 млн км2 и уменьшении средней скорости ветра по границе вихря ниже 30 и 45 м/с соответственно в нижней и средней стратосфере полярный вихрь становится небольшим циклоном, который полностью разрушается в течение 1–3 недель.

The Arctic polar vortex is often affected by wave activity during its life cycle. The planetary Rossby waves propagating from the troposphere to the stratosphere occasionally lead to the displacement or splitting of the polar vortex, accompanied by sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). In January 2009, one of the largest SSWs was observed in the Arctic. In this work, the dynamics of the polar vortex during the 2009 SSW is considered using a new method that allows one to estimate the vortex area, the wind speed at the vortex edge, the mean temperature and ozone mass mixing ratio inside the vortex, based on the fact that the Arctic vortex edge at the 50 and 10 hPa pressure levels is determined by the geopotential values, respectively, 19.5. 104 and 29.5. 104 m2 /s2 , using the ERA5 reanalysis data. The application of this method is justified for the Arctic polar vortex, which is characterized by significant variability, especially during the period of its splitting. The splitting of the polar vortex in 2009 was observed on January 24 and 28, respectively, in the middle and lower stratosphere. About a week after the splitting, the vortices became closer in characteristics to small cyclones, which completely collapsed within 1–3 weeks. The influence of planetary wave activity on the polar vortex does not always lead to its breakdown. Short-term splitting of the polar vortex is sometimes observed for several days after which the polar vortex strengthens again and PSCs form inside the vortex. Such a recovery of the polar vortex is most likely to occur in the winter. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the Arctic polar vortex for 1979–2020 and using the example of the 2009 SSW, we showed that when the vortex area decreases to less than 10 million km2 and the mean wind speed at the vortex edge decreases below 30 and 45 m/s, respectively, in the lower and middle stratosphere, the polar vortex becomes a small cyclone (with significantly higher temperatures within it), which usually collapses within 3 weeks.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.