<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-3-280-292</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-390</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЯ И КЛИМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение климата и теплообмен между атмосферой и океаном в Арктике на примере Баренцева и Карского морей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Climate change and heat exchange between atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic based on data from the Barents and the Kara sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galina_surkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>280</fpage><lpage>292</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суркова Г.В., Романенко В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суркова Г.В., Романенко В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Surkova G.V., Romanenko V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/390">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/390</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследована современная пространственная структура очагов турбулентного теплообмена над Баренцевым и Карским морями, в последние десятилетия она не претерпела существенных изменений по сравнению с серединой и второй половиной XX в. Показано, что в пределах акватории Баренцева моря пространственная изменчивость зимой в 5–10 и более раз может превышать летние значения. Определено, что годовые суммы потоков тепла с поверхности Баренцева моря в среднем в 3–4 и в 5–6 раз, для потоков Н и LE соответственно, превышают значения для Карского моря, а в отдельные годы могут различаться в десятки раз.Показано, что за период 1979–2018 гг. однонаправленные изменения незначительны, но значимы декадные колебания. Выявлено, что многолетние изменения суммарных турбулентных потоков над акваториями Баренцева и Карского морей довольно хорошо синхронизированы, что свидетельствует об общности крупномасштабных гидрометеорологических процессов. Наибольшая реакция полей потоков тепла на изменения атмосферы характерна для изменений индексов NAO и SCAND, и их максимум локализован в районе Мурманского и Нордкапского течений. В летнее время аномалии полей всех величин выражены крайне слабо.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper investigates the current regime of turbulent heat exchange with the atmosphere over the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as its spatial, seasonal and temporal variability (1979–2018). It is shown that over the past decades, the areas of the location of the centers of maximum energy exchange between the sea surface and the atmosphere have not changed significantly in comparison with the middle and second half of the XX century. It was revealed that the greatest seasonal and synoptic variability of heat fluxes is typical of the central and western parts of the Barents Sea. It was found that both indicators of variability in the cold season are 2–5 and more times higher than in the warm season, and the spatial heterogeneity of the indicators of variability in winter is about twice as large as in summer. Quantitative estimates have shown that, within the Barents Sea, the spatial variability of fluxes in winter may be 5–10 times or more higher than the summer values. Above the Kara Sea, the greatest heterogeneity in the fluxes field is typical of the autumn and early winter seasons. It has been found that the annual sums of heat fluxes from the surface of the Barents Sea exceed the values for the Kara Sea, on average, 3–4 and 5–6 times, for sensible and latent heat fluxes, respectively, and in some years may differ tens of times. For the period under study, a single trend of the integral fluxes over the water area and their annual magnitude is not expressed, although there are multi-year decadal fluctuations. It is shown that, despite the significant difference in the thermal regime of the Barents and Kara seas and the lower atmosphere above them, the interannual changes in the total turbulent flows are quite well synchronized, which indicates the commonality of large-scale hydrometeorological processes in these seas, which affect the energy exchange between the seas and the atmosphere.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>Баренцево море</kwd><kwd>Карское море</kwd><kwd>океан и атмосфера</kwd><kwd>турбулентный теплообмен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>Barents Sea</kwd><kwd>Kara Sea</kwd><kwd>ocean and atmosphere</kwd><kwd>turbulent heat transfer</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект 18-05-60083).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 18-05-60083).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тилинина Н.Д. Циклоническая активность Северного полушария и ее роль в формировании режимов взаимодействия океана и атмосферы: Дис. … канд. физ.-мат. наук. М., 2016. 150 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilinina N.D. Tsiklonicheskaya aktivnost’ severnogo polushariya i ee rol’ v formirovanii rezhimov vzaimodeistviya okeana i atmosfery: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kand. fiz.-mat.nauk. Cyclonic activity of the Northern Hemisphere and its role in the formation of modes of interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere: Dis. ... Cand. physical-mat. sciences. Moscow, 2016. 150 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гидрометеорология и гидрохимия морей СССР. Т. 1. Баренцево море. Вып. 1. Гидрометеорологические условия / Под ред. Ф. С. Терзиева и др. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1990. 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gidrometeorologiya i gidrokhimiya morei SSSR. Hydrometeorology and Hydrochemistry of the USSR Seas. T. 1. The Barents Sea. Issue 1. Hydrometeorological conditions. F.S. Terzieva (Eds). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990. 280 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калавиччи К.А., Башмачников И.Л. К механизму положительной обратной связи долгосрочной изменчивости конвергенции океанических и атмосферных потоков тепла и площади ледяного покрова в Баренцевом море // Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2019. Т. 55. № 6. С. 171–181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalavichchi K.A., Bashmachnikov I.L. To the mechanism of positive feedback of long-term variability of the convergence of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes and the area of ice cover in the Barents Sea. Izvestiia RAN. Fizika atmosfery i okeana. Izvestiya RAN. Physics of the atmosphere and ocean. 2019, 55 (6): 171–181. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сизов А.А., Михайлова Н.В., Баянкина Т.М. Режимы крупномасштабного взаимодействия атмосферы и океана в Норвежском и Баренцевом морях // Доклады Академии наук. 2019. Т. 484. № 5. С. 615–618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sizov A.A., Mikhaylova N.V., Bayankina T.M. Regimes of large-scale interaction of the atmosphere and the ocean in the Norwegian and Barents seas. Doklady Akademii Nauk. Proceed. Academy of Sciences. 2019, 484 (5): 615–618. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polyakov I.V., Pnyushkov A.V., Alkire M.B., Ashik I.M., Baumann T.M., Carmack E.C., Goszczko I., Guthrie J., Ivanov V.V., Kanzow T., Krishfield R., Kwok R., Sundfjord A., Morison J., Rember R., Yulin A. Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean // Science. 2017. V. 356. P. 285–291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakov I.V., Pnyushkov A.V., Alkire M.B., Ashik I.M., Baumann T.M., Carmack E.C., Goszczko I., Guthrie J., Ivanov V.V., Kanzow T., Krishfield R., Kwok R., Sundfjord A., Morison J., Rember R., Yulin A. Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Science. 2017, 356: 285–291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dee D.P, Uppala S.M, Simmons A.J., Berrisford P., Poli P., Kobayashi S., Andrae U., Balsameda M.A., Balsamo G., Bauer P., Bechtold P., Baljaars A.C.M., van de Berg L., Bidlot J., Bormann N., Delsol C., Dragani R., Fuentes M., Geer A.J., Haimbeger L., Heally S.B., Hersbach H., Hólm E.V., Isaksen L., Kållberg P., Köhler M., Matricardi M., McNally A.P., Monge-Sanz B.M., Morcrette J.-J., Park B.-K., Peubey C., de Rosnay P, Tavolato C., Thépaut J.-N., Vitart F. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system // Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011. V. 137. P. 553–597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dee D.P, Uppala SM, Simmons A.J, Berrisford P., Poli P., Kobayashi S., Andrae U., Balsameda M.A., Balsamo G., Bauer P., Bechtold P., Baljaars A.C.M., van de Berg L., Bidlot J., Bormann N., Delsol C., Dragani R., Fuentes M., Geer A.J., Haimbeger L., Heally S.B., Hersbach H., Hólm E.V., Isaksen L., Kållberg P., Köhler M., Matricardi M., McNally A.P., Monge-Sanz B.M., Morcrette J.-J., Park B.-K., Peubey C., de Rosnay P, Tavolato C., Thépaut J.-N., Vitart F. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 137: 553–597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou C., Wang K. Evaluation of surface fluxes in ERA-Interim using flux tower data // Journal of Climate. 2016. V. 29. P. 1573–1582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou C., Wang K. Evaluation of surface fluxes in ERA-Interim using flux tower data. Journal of Climate. 2016, 29: 1573–1582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindsay R., Wensnahan M., Schweiger A., Zhang J. Evaluation of seven different atmospheric reanalysis products in the Arctic // Journal of Climate. 2014. V. 27. P. 2588–2606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindsay R., Wensnahan M., Schweiger A., Zhang J. Evaluation of seven different atmospheric reanalysis products in the Arctic. J. Climate. 2016, 27: 2588–2606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamini Y. Opening the Box of a Boxplot // The American Statistician journal. 1988. V. 42. № 4. P. 257–262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benjamini Y. Opening the Box of a Boxplot. The American Statistician journal. 1988, 42 (4): 257–262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Репина И.А., Артамонов А.Ю., Смирнов А.С., Чечин Д.Г. Исследование взаимодействия океана и атмосферы в полярных районах в рамках международного полярного года // Метеорологические и геофизические исследования. Сер. Вклад России в Международный полярный год 2007/08. М.; СПб.: Paulsen AARI, 2011. C. 236–250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Repina I.A., Artamonov A.Yu., Smirnov A.S., Chechin D.G. Investigation of the interaction of the ocean and the atmosphere in polar regions within the framework of the international polar year. Meteorological and Geophysical Research. Ser. Russia’s contribution to the International Polar Year. 2007/08. Moscow; St. Petersburg: Paulsen AARI, 2011: 236–250. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Changyu Li, Jianping Huang, Yongli He, Dongdong Li, Lei Ding.Atmospheric warming slowdown during 1998–2013 associated with increasing ocean heat content // Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 2019. V. 36. Is. 11. P. 1188–1202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Changyu Li, Jianping Huang, Yongli He, Dongdong Li, Lei Ding. Atmospheric warming slowdown during 1998–2013 associated with increasing ocean heat content. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 2019, 36 (11): 1188–1202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X.Y., Tung K.K. Varying planetary heat sink led to global-warming slowdown and acceleration // Science. 2014. V. 345. № 6199. P. 897–903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X.Y., Tung K.K. Varying planetary heat sink led to global-warming slowdown and acceleration. Science. 2014, 345 (6199): 897–903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Josey S.A. Air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater and momentum // Operational Oceanography in the 21st Century / A. Schiller and G. B. Brassington, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. P. 155–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2_6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Josey S.A. Air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater and momentum. Operational Oceanography in the 21st Century. A. Schiller and G. B. Brassington, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011: 155–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2_6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксенов П.В., Иванов В.В. «Атлантификация» как вероятная причина сокращения площади морского льда в бассейне Нансена в зимний сезон // Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики. 2018. Т. 64. № 1. С. 42–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksenov P.V., Ivanov V.V. “Atlantification” as a possible cause for reducing of the sea-ice cover in the Nansen basin in winter. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2018, 64 (1): 42–54. https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-1-42-54. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
