<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-4-328-347</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОКЕАНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCEANOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пространственная гидрохимическая структура поверхностного слоя атлантического и индоокеанского секторов Южного океана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spatial hydrochemical structure in surface waters of the Southern ocean between Africa and Antarctica</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksusha.vniro@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гангнус</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gangnus</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Духова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dukhova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масленников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslennikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавинен</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavinen</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>328</fpage><lpage>347</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Артамонова К.В., Гангнус И.А., Духова Л.А., Масленников В.В., Лавинен Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Артамонова К.В., Гангнус И.А., Духова Л.А., Масленников В.В., Лавинен Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artamonova K.V., Gangnus I.A., Dukhova L.A., Maslennikov V.V., Lavinen N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/401">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/401</self-uri><abstract><p>Многие гидрохимические характеристики и в первую очередь основные биогенные элементы (фосфор, азот, кремний) могут служить хорошими индикаторами для выделения различных типов водных масс и положения основных фронтов Южного океана. Сезонная и межгодовая изменчивость этих характеристик отражает также и характер протекания биологических процессов в поверхностном слое океана, что важно для оценки биологической продуктивности. Целью данного исследования было провести анализ основных особенностей пространственного распределения гидрохимических характеристик в поверхностном слое атлантического и индоокеанского секторов Южного океана между Субантарктическим фронтом и берегами Антарктиды, а также оценить их сезонную (весна–осень) и межгодовую изменчивость за период наблюдений с 2008 по 2020 г. Установлено, что межгодовая изменчивость биогенных элементов определялась пространственным смещением основных фронтов Антарктического циркумполярного течения, а также интенсивностью крупномасштабного круговорота Уэдделла. Сезонная динамика биогенных элементов на большей части исследуемой акватории была выражена достаточно слабо. Исключение составляют районы высокоширотных «оазисов» (шельфовые воды морей Содружества и Дейвиса), где наблюдалась максимальная сезонная изменчивость гидрохимических характеристик. Результаты многолетнего мониторинга гидрохимических условий в море Содружества позволили выделить условно «теплые» годы с ранней вегетацией (в конце декабря) и интенсивным потреблением фитопланктоном биогенных элементов и «холодные» годы, когда формирование летних «оазисов» в декабре–январе не наблюдалось.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Some hydrochemical characteristics and, first of all, the main nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon) can be used as markers for distinguishing different types of water masses and positions of the main fronts of the Southern Ocean. The seasonal and interannual variability of these characteristics also reflects the character of biological processes in the surface layer of the ocean, which is important for assessing biological productivity. The aim of this study was to analyze the main features of the spatial distribution of hydrochemical characteristics in the surface layer in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean between the Subantarctic Front and the shores of Antarctica and assess their seasonal (spring–autumn) and interannual variability for the observation period from 2008 to 2020. We describe the surface nutrient concentrations between Africa and Antarctica along the transects that cross the Subantarctic Front (SAF) in the north, the Polar Frontal Zone (PFS), Polar Front (PF) and Antarctic Zone water in the south. The findings revealed an increase in dissolved oxygen and nutrients towards the south. Nitrates changed values within the SAF from 15 μM to 24 μM, whereas values from 1.2 μM to 1.7 μM were observed for phosphates. Silicate increased considerably within the Polar Front, from 6.6 μM to 20.8 μM. An analysis was carried out of the seasonal and interannual variability of the hydrochemical conditions in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean. The interannual variability of the nutrients was determined by the spatial variability of the main fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the intensity of the largescale Weddell Gyre (WG). Since 2017, there has been an increase in the meridional transfer of waters: in the Antarctic Summer 2017–2018, there was a spreading of high-nutrient WG waters toward the north, and in the Summer 2019–2020, the low-nutrient waters anomaly was transferred far to the south (up to 60°S).According to the data obtained, the seasonal dynamics of the nutrients in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean was rather weakly expressed. An exception is the high-latitude waters of the Cooperation and Davis Seas, where maximum seasonal variability of the hydrochemical characteristics was observed. The highest rate of nutrient consumption was observed in the coastal area of the Cooperation Sea near the fast ice edge from mid–December to early January and reached 3.2 μM per day for silicate, 1.8 μM per day for nitrates, and 0.12 μM per day for mineral phosphorus. The results of the long-term monitoring of the hydrochemical conditions in the Cooperation Sea made it possible to distinguish conditionally “warm” years with early vegetation (at the end of December) and intensive consumption of nutrients by phytoplankton, and “cold” years, when the formation of high-latitude “oases” in December–January was not observed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атлантический сектор</kwd><kwd>биогенные элементы</kwd><kwd>гидрохимическая структура</kwd><kwd>индоокеанский сектор</kwd><kwd>поверхностные воды</kwd><kwd>растворенный кислород</kwd><kwd>сезонная и межгодовая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>температура воды</kwd><kwd>Южный океан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Antarctic fronts</kwd><kwd>Atlantic sector</kwd><kwd>dissolved oxygen</kwd><kwd>Indian sector</kwd><kwd>nitrate</kwd><kwd>nutrients</kwd><kwd>phosphate</kwd><kwd>seasonal and interannual variability</kwd><kwd>silicate</kwd><kwd>surface waters</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>the Southern Ocean</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность коллегам, участвовавшим в научных исследованиях в составе 53–65-й РАЭ, за помощь в получении и обработке гидрохимических данных.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аржанова Н.В., Буркальцева М.А. Обеспеченность фитопланктона биогенными элементами в Атлантическом океане // Биологические ресурсы Атлантического океана. М.: Наука, 1986. С. 111–133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аrzhanova N.V., Burkal’tseva M.А. Providing of phytoplankton with nutrients in the Atlantic Ocean. Biologicheskie resursy Atlanticheskogo okeana. Biological resources of the Atlantic Ocean. Мoscow: Nauka, 1986: 111–133. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горшков А.Н., Гудошников Ю.П., Смагин В.М. Основные черты пространственного распределения гидрохимических показателей в Южном океане // Пелагические экосистемы Южного океана: Сборник научных трудов. М.: Наука, 1993. С. 99–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorshkov А.N., Gudoshnikov Yu.P., Smagin V.M. The main features of the spatial distribution of hydrochemical indicators in the Southern Ocean. Pelagicheskie ekosistemy Iuzhnogo okeana: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Pelagic systems of the Southern Ocean: Digest of scientific papers. Moscow: Nauka, 1993: 99–107. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henley S.F., Cavan E.L., Fawcett S.E., Kerr R., Monteiro T., Sherrell R.M., Bowie A.R., Boyd P.W., Barnes D.K.A., Schloss I.R., Marshall T., Flynn R., Smith S. Changing biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystem implications // Front. Mar. Sci. 2020. V. 7. Article 581. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henley S.F., Cavan E.L., Fawcett S.E., Kerr R., Monteiro T., Sherrell R.M., Bowie A.R., Boyd P.W., Barnes D.K.A., Schloss I.R., Marshall T., Flynn R., Smith S. Changing biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystem implications. 2020. Front. Mar. Sci. 2020, 7: 581. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00581.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аржанова Н.В., Артамонова К.В. Гидрохимическая структура вод в районе промысла антарктического криля // Труды ВНИРО. 2014. Т. 152. С. 118–132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аrzhanova N.V., Аrtamonova K.V. Hydrochemical structure of waters in the Antarctic krill fishery area. Trudy VNIRO. Proc. VNIRO. 2014, 152: 118–132. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батрак К.В. Гидрохимическая характеристика различных модификаций антарктических вод // Океанология. 2008. Т. 48. № 3. С. 371–378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batrak K.V. Hydrochemical characteristics of various modifications of Antarctic waters. Okeanologiia. Oceanology. 2008, 48 (3): 371–378. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Масленников В.В. Климатические колебания и морская экосистема Антарктики. М.: ВНИРО, 2003. 295 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslennikov V.V. Klimaticheskie kolebaniya i morskaya ekosistema Аntarktiki. Climate fluctuations and the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Moscow: VNIRO, 2003: 295 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campanelli A., Massolo S., Grilli F., Marini M., Paschini E., Rivaro P., Artegiani A., Jacobs S. Variability of nutrient and thermal structure in surface waters between New Zealand and Antarctica, October 2004–January2005 // Polar Research. 2011. V. 30. Article 7064. doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.7064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campanelli A., Massolo S., Grilli F., Marini M., Paschini E., Rivaro P., Artegiani A., Jacobs S. Variability of nutrient and thermal structure in surface waters between New Zealand and Antarctica, October 2004–January2005. Polar Research. 2011, 30 (1): 7064. doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.7064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budillon G., Rintoul S.R. Fronts and upper ocean thermal variability south of New Zealand // Antarctic Science. 2003. № 15. P. 141–152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budillon G., Rintoul S.R. Fronts and upper ocean thermal variability south of New Zealand. Antarctic Science. 2003, 15: 141–152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orsi A.H., Whitworth Th. III, Nowlin W. D. Jr. On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current // Deep-Sea Res. 1995. V. 42. № 5. P. 641–673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orsi A.H., Whitworth Th. III, Nowlin W. D. Jr. On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Res. 1995, 42 (5): 641–673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Структура гидрофизических полей атлантического сектора Южного океана и их влияние на планктонные сообщества: Науч. отчет по теме № 01 / [Сост. М. А. Богдановым и др.]. М.: ВНИРО, 1986. 63 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Struktura gidrofizicheskikh polej atlanticheskogo sektora yuzhnogo okeana i ikh vliyanie na planktonnye soobshhestva. The structure of hydrophysical fields in the Atlantic sector of the Southern ocean and their impact on plankton communities. Moscow: VNIRO, 1986: 63 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Масленников В.В., Попков В.В. Положение зоны взаимодействия антарктических вод разных модификаций как показатель северной границы массового дрейфа антарктического криля // Антарктика: Доклады Междуведомственной комиссии по изучению Антарктики. Вып. 27. М.: Наука, 1988. С. 134–142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslennikov V.V., Popkov V.V. Position of the interaction zone of Antarctic waters of various modifications as an indicator of the northern boundary of the mass drift of Antarctic krill. Antarctica. Antarktika: Doklady Mezhduvedomstvennoi komissii po izucheniiu Antarktiki. Antarctica: Reports of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Study of Antarctica. Iss. 27. Moscow: Nauka, 1988: 134–142. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федулов П.П., Шнар В.Н. Фронтальная зона и структура вод круговорота Уэдделла // Исследования Уэдделловского круговорота. Океанографические условия и особенности развития планктонных сообществ: Сборник научных трудов. М.: ВНИРО, 1990. С. 31–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedulov P.P., Shnar V.N. Frontal zone and water structure of the Weddell Circle. Issledovaniia Ueddellovskogo krugovorota. Okeanograficheskie usloviia i osobennosti razvitiia planktonnykh soobshchestv: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Researches of the Weddell Circle. Oceanographic conditions and features of the plankton communities development. Digest of scientific papers. Moscow: VNIRO, 1990: 31–48. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franck V.M., Brzezinski M.A., Coale K.H., Nelson D.M. Iron and silicic acid concentrations regulate Si uptake north and south of the polar frontal zone in the pacific sector of the Southern ocean // Deep Sea Res. Part II. Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 2000. № 47. P. 3315–3338. doi: 10.1016/s0967–0645(00)00070–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franck V.M., Brzezinski M.A., Coale K.H., Nelson D.M. Iron and silicic acid concentrations regulate Si uptake north and south of the polar frontal zone in the pacific sector of the Southern ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II. Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 2000, 47: 3315–3338. doi: 10.1016/s0967–0645(00)00070–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сапожников В.В., Ширяев В.А. Использование гидрохимических характеристик для выяснения динамики вод и оценки продукционно-деструкционных процессов в районах тропических апвеллингов // Промыслово-океанографические исследования продуктивных зон морей и океанов: Сборник научных трудов. М.: ВНИРО, 1984. С. 151–165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapozhnikov V.V., Shiryaev V.A. The use of hydrochemical characteristics to clarify the dynamics of waters and assess the production and destruction processes in the areas of tropical upwellings. Promyslovo-okeanograficheskie issledovaniia produktivnykh zon morei i okeanov: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Commercial oceanographic studies of productive zones of the seas and oceans. Digest of scientific papers. Moscow: VNIRO, 1984: 151–165. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart T.J. Phytoplankton periodicity in Antarctic surface waters // Discovery Rep. 1942. V. 21. P. 261–356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart T.J. Phytoplankton periodicity in Antarctic surface waters. Discovery Rep. 1942, 21: 261–356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Sayed S.Z. History and evolution of primary productivity studies of the Southern Ocean // Polar Biol. 2005. № 28. P. 423–438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Sayed S.Z. History and evolution of primary productivity studies of the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol. 2005, 28: 423–438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin J.H., Fitzwater S.E. Iron Deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific Subarctic // Nature. 1988. V. 331. P. 341–343.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin J.H., Fitzwater S.E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific Subarctic. Nature. 1988, 331: 341–343.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedwick P.N., Bowie A.R., Trull T.W. Dissolved iron in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean (CLIVAR SR3 section): Meridional and seasonal trends // Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Papers. 2008. V. 55. P. 911–925. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedwick P.N., Bowie A.R., Trull T.W. Dissolved iron in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean (CLIVAR SR3 section): Meridional and seasonal trends. Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Papers. 2008, 55: 911–925. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shafiee R.T., Snow J.T., Zhang Q., Rickaby R.E.M. Iron requirements and uptake strategies of the globally abundant marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 // ISME J. 2019. V. 13. P. 2295–2305. doi: 10.1038/s41396–019–0434–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shafiee R.T., Snow J.T., Zhang Q., Rickaby R.E.M. Iron requirements and uptake strategies of the globally abundant marine ammoniaoxidising archaeon, Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. ISME J. 2019, 13: 2295–2305. doi: 10.1038/s41396–019–0434–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd P.W. The role of iron in the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and equatorial Pacific: a comparison of in situ iron enrichments // Deep Sea Research II. 2002. V. 49. P. 1803–1821.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd P.W. The role of iron in the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and equatorial Pacific: a comparison of in situ iron enrichments. Deep Sea Research II. 2002, 49: 1803–1821.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чмыр В.Д. Первичная продукция в водах Атлантической части Антарктики в предзимний период 1998 г. // Бюл. Укр. Антарк. Цент. 2002. Вып. 4. С. 141–142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chmyr V.D. Primary production in the waters of the Atlantic Antarctic in the pre-winter period of 1998. Biulleten’ Ukrainskogo Antarkticheskogo Tsentra. Bulletin of Ukr. Antarc. Center. 2002, 4: 141–142. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millero F.J. Chemical Oceanography. 3rd ed. Taylor and Francis Group, 2006. 496 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millero F.J. Chemical Oceanography. 3rd ed. Taylor and Francis Group, 2006: 496 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ведерников В.И., Сапожников В.В. Влияние добавок различных элементов минерального питания на первичную продукцию антарктического фитопланктона // Труды ИОАН СССР. 1978. T. 112. С. 58–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vedernikov V.I., Sapozhnikov V.V. Influence of various elements additives of mineral nutrition on the primary production of Antarctic phytoplankton. Trudy IOAN SSSR. Proc. IOAN USSR. 1978, 112: 58–68. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волковинский В.В. Измерения первичной продукции в море Скотия // Морские биологические ресурсы Антарктики. М.: Изд-во «Пищевая промышленность», 1969. С. 160–168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkovinsky V.V. Measurements of primary production in the Scotia Sea. Morskie biologicheskie resursy Antarktiki Antarctic marine biological resources. Moscow: Publ. House “Pishchevaya promyshlennost”, 1969: 160–168. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орадовский С.Г. О роли микроэлементов в процессе формирования первичной продуктивности морских вод // Основы биологической продуктивности океана. М.: Наука, 1971. С. 32–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oradovsky S.G. On the role of microelements in the formation of the primary productivity of sea waters. Osnovy biologicheskoi produktivnosti okeana. Ocean biological productivity fundamentals. Moscow: Nauka, 1971: 32–36. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horne A.J., Fogg G.E., Eagle D.Y. Studies in situ of the primary production of an area of inshore Antarctic sea // J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 1969. V. 49. № 2. P. 393–405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horne A.J., Fogg G.E., Eagle D.Y. Studies in situ of the primary production of an area of inshore Antarctic sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 1969, 49 (2): 393–405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Р.Р. Некоторые данные о численности и возрастном составе массовых копепод и личинок эвфаузиид в прибрежных водах Антарктики // Антарктика. Вып. 33. М.: Наука, 1995. С. 88–106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov R.R. Some data on the abundance and age composition of mass copepods and euphausiid larvae in the coastal waters of Antarctica. Antarktika. Antarctica. 1995, 33: 88–106. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батрак К.В., Масленников В.В., Антипов Н.Н., Клепиков А.В. Особенности структуры вод шельфа и материкового склона в море Содружества по данным экспедиции НИС «Академик Федоров» в 2006 г. // Арктика и Антарктика. М.: Наука, 2007. Вып. 5 (39). С. 112–124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batrak K.V., Maslennikov V.V., Antipov N.N., Klepikov A.V. Features of structure of the shelf and continental slope waters in the Sea of Cooperation according to the data of the expedition of R/V «Akademik Fedorov» in 2006. Arktika i Antarktika. Arctic and Antarctica. 2007, 5 (39): 112–124. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по химическому анализу морских и пресных вод при экологическом мониторинге рыбохозяйственных водоемов и перспективных для промысла районов Мирового океана. М.: Изд-во ВНИРО, 2003. 202 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukovodstvo po khimicheskomu analizu morskikh i presnykh vod pri ehkologicheskom monitoringe rybokhozyajstvennykh vodoemov i perspektivnykh dlya promysla rajonov Mirovogo okeana. Guidelines for the chemical analysis of sea and fresh waters in the environmental monitoring of fishery reservoirs and promising fishing areas of the World Ocean. Moscow: Publ. House of VNIRO, 2003: 202 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strickland J.D.H., Parsons T.R. A practical handbook of seawater analysis // Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin. 1968. № 167. 203 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strickland J.D.H., Parsons T.R. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin. 1968, 167: 203 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аржанова Н.В. Отношение содержания кремния и фосфора как показатель зоны смешения вод в области Южных Оркнейских островов и Антарктического полуострова // Антарктика. М.: Наука, 1982. Вып. 21. С. 95–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arzhanova N.V. The ratio of the content of silicon and phosphorus as an indicator of mixing waters zone in the area of the South Orkney Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarktika. Antarctica. Moscow: Nauka, 1982, 21: 95–100. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Baar H.J.W., de Jong, Bakker D.C.E., Löscher B. M., Veth C., Bathmann U., Smetacek V. Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean // Nature. 1995. V. 373 (6513). P. 412–415. https://doi.org/10.1038/373412a0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Baar H J. W., de Jong, Bakker D.C. E., Löscher B. M., Veth C., Bathmann U., Smetacek V. Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nature. 1995, 373 (6513): 412–415. https://doi.org/10.1038/373412a0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антипов Н.Н., Клепиков А.В. Термическая структура верхнего слоя океана между Африкой и Антарктидой по данным океанографических работ ААНИИ 2004–2010 гг. // Вклад России в Международный полярный год 2007/08. Сер. Океанология и морской лед. М.; СПб.: ООО «Паулсен», 2011. С. 280–290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antipov N.N., Klepikov A.V. Thermal structure of the upper layer of the ocean between Africa and Antarctica according to the oceanographic data of the AARI 2004–2010. Vklad Rossii v Mezhdunarodnyi poliarnyi god 2007/08. Ser. Okeanologiia i morskoi led. Contribution of Russia to the International Polar Year 2007/08. Ser. Oceanology and sea ice. Moscow; St. Petersburg: LLC “Paulsen”, 2011: 280–290. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ионов В.В. Синоптический мониторинг поверхностных термических фронтов Южного океана // Труды ВНИРО. 2015. Т. 157. С. 143–150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ionov V.V. Synoptic monitoring of surface thermal fronts of the Southern Ocean. Trudy VNIRO. Proc. VNIRO. 2015, 157: 143–150. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонов Ю.В., Скрипалева Е.А., Бабий М.В., Галковская Л.К. Межгодовая изменчивость температурных фронтов Южного океана // Системы контроля окружающей среды. 2009. Вып. 12. С. 280–282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artamonov Yu.V., Skripaleva E.A., Babij M.V., Galkovskaya L.K. Interannual variability of temperature fronts in the Southern Ocean. Sistemy kontrolia okruzhaiushchei sredy. Environmental control systems. 2009, 12: 280–282. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
