aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-4-348-367aari-402Research ArticleГЛЯЦИОЛОГИЯ И КРИОЛОГИЯGLACIOLOGY AND CRYOLOGY OF THE EARTHТемпература плавления льда и газосодержание воды на контакте ледника с подледниковым озером ВостокMelting temperature of ice and total gas content of water at the ice-water interface above subglacial Lake VostokЛипенковВ. Я.LipenkovV. Ya.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

lipenkov@aari.ruТуркеевА. В.TurkeevA. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ВасильевН. И.VasilevN. I.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ЕкайкинА. А.EkaykinA. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ПоляковаЕ. В.PoliakovaE. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институтРоссияState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research InstituteRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский горный университетРоссияSt. Petersburg Mining UniversityRussian FederationГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт наук о ЗемлеРоссияState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute; St. Petersburg Mining UniversityRussian Federation202109122021674348367Copyright © Липенков В.Я., Туркеев А.В., Васильев Н.И., Екайкин А.А., Полякова Е.В., 20212021Липенков В.Я., Туркеев А.В., Васильев Н.И., Екайкин А.А., Полякова Е.В.Lipenkov V.Y., Turkeev A.V., Vasilev N.I., Ekaykin A.A., Poliakova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/402

На основе зависимости температуры плавления льда при высоких давлениях от концентрации растворенных в воде газов предпринята попытка оценить содержание воздуха в подледниковой воде под станцией Восток. По данным скважинной термометрии, выполненной до глубины 3753 м, а также по результатам прямых измерений температуры озерной воды, поступившей в скважину после второго вскрытия озера Восток, определены наиболее вероятные значения температуры плавления льда (–2,72 °С) и концентрации растворенного в воде воздуха (2,23 г.л–1 ) на контакте ледника с подледниковым водоемом (глубина 3758,6 м, давление 33,78 МПа). Наша оценка концентрации воздуха в озерной воде в 19 раз превышает газосодержание ледникового льда — основного источника газов в озере, но в 1,6 раза меньше предельной растворимости воздуха в воде в равновесии с гидратной фазой. Расчетное значение концентрации растворенного кислорода (0,53 г.л–1 ) существенно превышает содержание О2 в любых других известных водоемах планеты.

It is generally assumed that the gas composition and the total gas content of Lake Vostok’s water are, to a large extent, governed by the budget of atmospheric gases entering the lake together with glacier ice melt, mostly in its northern part. Since the ice accretion that prevails in the south of the lake leads to the exclusion of gases during the freezing process, these gases can build up in the lake water. Earlier theoretical works [2, 3] have demonstrated that about 30 water residence times are required to attain equilibrium between gases in solution and those in a hydrate phase, which sets the upper bounds of concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen dissolved in sub-ice water (~2.7 g N2 L–1 and ~0.8 g O2 L–1). Here we attempt to estimate the real gas content of the lake water based on the link between the pressure melting temperature of ice and the concentration of gases dissolved in the liquid phase [2]. We use the stacked borehole temperature profile extended to 3753 m depth and the measurements of temperature of sub-ice water that entered the borehole after the second unsealing of Lake Vostok to estimate the melting temperature of ice (–2.72 ± 0.1 °C) at the ice sheet-lake interface (depth 3758.6 ± 3 m, pressure 33.78 ± 0.05 MPa). The gas content of the near-surface layer of lake that corresponds to this melting temperature is calculated to be 2.23 g.L–1, meaning that the concentration of dissolved oxygen must be as high as 0.53 g.L–1, i. e. one-two orders of magnitude higher than in any other known water bodies on our planet. The inferred gas content of sub-ice water is, by a factor of 1.6, lower than the maximal solubility of air in water in equilibrium with air hydrate, though it is still higher, by a factor of 19, than the total air content of melting glacier ice. The relatively low concentration of dissolved air in the near-surface layer of the lake revealed in this study provides a new experimental constraint for understanding the gas distribution in Lake Vostok as affected by the circulation and mixing of water beneath the ice sheet.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.