aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-3-308-323aari-460Research ArticleПРИКЛАДНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫAPPLIED PROBLEMSЧастицы синтетических полимеров в свежевыпавшем снеге на северо-западе Кольского полуострова в 2020–2021 гг.Particles of synthetic polymers in fresh snow in the northwest of the Kola peninsula in 2020–2021МитяевМ. В.MityaevM. V.

Мурманск

Murmansk

mityaev@mmbi.infoДружковаЕ. И.DrushkovaE. I.

Мурманск

Murmansk

ГерасимоваМ. В.GerasimovaM. V.

Мурманск

Murmansk

Мурманский морской биологический институт РАНРоссияMurmansk marine biological institute RASRussian Federation202227092022683308323Copyright © Митяев М.В., Дружкова Е.И., Герасимова М.В., 20222022Митяев М.В., Дружкова Е.И., Герасимова М.В.Mityaev M.V., Drushkova E.I., Gerasimova M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/460

Загрязнение гидросферы, атмосферы и верхней части литосферы синтетическими полимерами признано в настоящее время глобальной проблемой человечества, в рамках решения которой одной из приоритетных задач является выявление путей и масштабов миграции полимерных частиц. В связи с этим с декабря 2020 г. по апрель 2021 г. на северо-западе Кольского полуострова были проведены исследования свежевыпавших твердых атмосферных осадков с целью выявления в них полимерных частиц, которые могли быть абсорбированы из атмосферы кристаллами снега. В талой снеговой воде полимерные частицы идентифицировались под бинокулярным микроскопом МБС-10 и эпифлуоресцентным микроскопом Carl Zeiss AxioImager D1. Данные о потоках полимерных частиц на поверхность земли с твердыми атмосферными осадками на северо-западе Кольского полуострова получены впервые.

Pollution of the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the upper lithosphere by synthetic polymers has now become a global human problem. In this connection, a study of newly fallen solid precipitation was carried out from December 2020 to April 2021 in the north-west of the Kola Peninsula to identify polymeric particles that could be absorbed from the atmosphere by snow crystals. Snow sampling was carried out along highways at a distance from roads in calm weather. In the laboratory, melt snow water was filtered through nuclear filters, which were scanned under a binocular MBS-10 microscope to take account of insoluble polymer fibers. Simultaneously, filters stained with a Nile Red solution were analyzed under a Carl Zeiss AxioImager D1epifluorescent microscope for microplastic investigations. Synthetic polymer particles were identified among the aerosol material. The polymeric particle composition was strongly dominated by irregularly shaped polymer micro-fragments. Polymer macrofibres and polymer microfibers were also constantly present. By the research carried out the first assessment of polymeric particles flows to the earth surface with solid precipitation in the north-west of the Kola Peninsula was done.

Кольский полуостровполимерные макроволокнаполимерные микроволокнаполимерные фрагментыполимерные частицыпотоки полимерных частицсвежевыпавший снегflows of polymer particlesfreshly fallen snowKola Peninsulapolymer fragmentspolymer macrofiberspolymer microfiberspolymer particlesРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания ММБИ РАН (номер госрегистрации 121091600105-4 (16.09.2021), ГЗ — FMEE- 2021-0029 (0188-2021-0029)).The study was carried out within the framework of the state task of the Murmansk marine biological institute RAS (registration number 121091600105-4 (16.09.2021), ГЗ — FMEE-2021-0029 (0188-2021-0029)).ReferencesPlastics Europe, 2021. Plastics-the facts 2021: An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. URL: https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-facts-2021/ (дата посещения 05.07.2022).PlasticsEurope, 2021. Plastics-the facts 2021: An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. Available at: https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-facts-2021/ (accessed 05.07.2022).Carpenter E.J., Smith K.L.Jr. Plastics on the Sargasso sea surface // Science. 1972. V. 175. P. 1240–1241. Doi: 10.1126/science.175.4027.1240. PMID: 5061243.Carpenter E.J., Smith K.L. Jr. Plastics on the Sargasso sea surface. Science. 1972, 175: 1240–1241. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4027.1240. PMID: 5061243.Kershaw P.J. Marine plastic debris and microplastics global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, 2016. 192 p.Kershaw P.J. Marine plastic debris and microplastics global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, 2016: 192 p.Alimi O.S., Budarz J., Hernandez L.M., Tufenkji N. Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments: Aggregation, deposition, and enhanced contaminant transport // Environmental Science and Technology. 2018. V. 52. P. 1704–1724.Alimi O.S., Budarz J., Hernandez L.M., Tufenkji N. Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments: Aggregation, deposition, and enhanced contaminant transport. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018, 52: 1704–1724.Wright S.L., Thompson R.C., Galloway T.S. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review // Environmental Pollution. 2013. V. 178. Р. 483–492.Wright S.L., Thompson R.C., Galloway T.S. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environmental Pollution. 2013, 178: 483–492.Galloway T.S. Micro- and Nano-plastics and Human Health // Bergmann M., Gutow L., Klages M. (eds). Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Berlin: Springer, 2015. P. 343–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_13.Galloway T.S. Micro- and Nano-plastics and Human Health. Bergmann M., Gutow L., Klages M. (eds). Marine Anthropogenic Litter, Berlin: Springer, 2015: 343–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_13.Thompson R.C., Olsen Y., Mitchell R.P., Davis A., Rowland S.J., John A.W.G., McGonigle D., Russell A.E. Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic? // Science. 2004. V. 304 (5672). Р. 838–838. doi:10.1126/science.1094559.Thompson R.C., Olsen Y., Mitchell R.P., Davis A., Rowland S.J., John A.W.G., McGonigle D., Russell A.E. Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic? Science. 2004, 304 (5672): 838–838. doi:10.1126/science.1094559.GESAMP. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment (Kershaw P.J., ed.). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/ UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP. 2015. № 90. 96 p.GESAMP. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment. (Kershaw P.J., ed.). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/ UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP. 2015, 90: 96 p.Bagaev A., Esiukova E., Litvinyuk D., Chubarenko I., Veerasingam S., Venkatachalapathy R., Verzhevskaya L. Investigations of plastic contamination of seawater, marine and coastal sediments in the Russian seas: a review // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021. V. 28. № 25. P. 32264–32281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14183-z.Bagaev A., Esiukova E., Litvinyuk D., Chubarenko I., Veerasingam S., Venkatachalapathy R., Verzhevskaya L. Investigations of plastic contamination of seawater, marine and coastal sediments in the Russian seas: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021, 28 (25): 32264– 32281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14183-z.Bergmann M., Wirzberger V., Krumpen T., Lorenz C., Primpke S., Tekman M.B., Gerdts G. High quantities of microplastic in Arctic deep-sea sediments from the HAUSGARTEN Observatory // Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. V. 51. Р. 11000–11010.Bergmann M., Wirzberger V., Krumpen T., Lorenz C., Primpke S., Tekman M.B., Gerdts G. High quantities of microplastic in Arctic deep-sea sediments from the HAUSGARTEN Observatory. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017, 51: 11000–11010.Поздняков Ш.Р., Иванова Е.В., Гусева А.В., Шалунова Е.П., Мартинсон К.Д., Тихонова Д.А. Исследование содержания частиц микропластика в воде, донных отложениях и грунтах прибрежной территории Невской губы Финского залива // Водные ресурсы. 2020. Т. 47. № 4. С. 1–9. doi: 10.31857/S0321059620040148.Pozdnyakov Sh.R., Ivanova E.V., Guseva A.V., Shalunova E.P., Martinson K.D., Tihonova D.A Study of microplastic particles in water, sediments and soil of the coastal area of the Neva Bay og the Gulf of Finland. Vodnye resursy. Water Resources. 2020, 47: 1–9. [In Russian]. doi: 10.31857/S0321059620040148.Li J., Liu H.J.P., Chen J.P. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection // Water Research. 2018. V. 137. Р. 362–374.Li J., Liu H.J.P. Chen J.P. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Research. 2018, 137: 362–374.Kim Y.N., Yoon J.-H., Kim K.-H. Microplastic contamination in soil environment — a review // Soil Science Annual. 2020. V. 71. Р. 300–308. https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/131646.Kim Y.N., Yoon J.-H., Kim K.-H. Microplastic contamination in soil environment — a review. Soil Science Annual. 2020, 71: 300–308. https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/131646.Bianco A., Passananti M. Atmospheric Micro and Nanoplastics: An Enormous Microscopic Problem // Sustainability. 2020. V. 12. № 18. Р. 7327.Bianco A., Passananti M. Atmospheric Micro and Nanoplastics: An Enormous Microscopic Problem. Sustainability. 2020, 12 (18): 7327.Bergmann M., Mützel S., Primpke S., Tekman M.B., Trachsel J., Gerdts G. White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic // Science Advances. 2019. V. 5. (8), eaax1157. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1157 (дата посещения 05.07.2022).Bergmann M., Mützel S., Primpke S., Tekman M.B., Trachsel J., Gerdts G. White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic. Science Advances. 2019, 5 (8): 1157.Peeken I., Primpke S., Beyer B., Gutermann J., Katlein C., Krumpen T., Bergmann M., Hehemann L., Gerdts G. Arctic sea ice is an important temporal sink and means of transport for microplastic // Nature Communications. 2018. V. 9. P. 1505.Peeken I., Primpke S., Beyer B., Gutermann J., Katlein C., Krumpen T., Bergmann M., Hehemann L., Gerdts G. Arctic sea ice is an important temporal sink and means of transport for microplastic. Nature Communications. 2018, 9: 1505.Parolini M., Antonioli D., Borgogno F., Gibellino M.C., Fresta J., Albonico C., De Felice B., Canuto S., Concedi D., Romani A., Rosio E., Gianotti V., Laus M., Ambrosini R., Cavallo R. Microplastic Contamination in Snow from Western Italian Alps // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021. V. 18. P. 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020768.Parolini M., Antonioli D., Borgogno F., Gibellino M.C., Fresta J., Albonico C., De Felice B., Canuto S., Concedi D., Romani A., Rosio E., Gianotti V., Laus M., Ambrosini R., Cavallo R. Microplastic contamination in snow from Western Italian Alps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021, 18: 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020768.Zhang Y., Gao T., Kang S., Allen S., Luo X., Allen D. Microplastics in glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence for the long-range transport of microplastics // Science of the Total Environment. 2021. V. 758. Р. 143634.Zhang Y., Gao T., Kang S., Allen S., Luo X., Allen D. Microplastics in glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence for the long-range transport of microplastics. Science of the Total Environment. 2021, 758: 143634.Napper I.E., Davies B.F.R., Clifford H., Elvin S., Koldewey H.J., Mayewski P.A., Miner K.R., Potocki M., Elmore A.C., Gajurel A.P., Thompson R.C. Reaching new heights in plastic pollution — preliminary findings of microplastics on Mount Everest // One Earth. 2020. V. 3. Р. 621–630. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.020Napper I.E., Davies B.F.R., Clifford H., Elvin S., Koldewey H.J., Mayewski P.A., Miner K.R., Potocki M., Elmore A.C., Gajurel A.P., Thompson R.C. Reaching new heights in plastic pollution — preliminary findings of microplastics on Mount Everest. One Earth. 2020, 3: 621–630.Walle H.J., Griffiths C.M., Waluda S.E., Thorpe I., Loaiza B., Moreno C.O., Pacherres K.A., Hughes C.L. Microplastics in the Antarctic marine system: An emerging area of research // Science of the Total Environment. 2017. V. 598. Р. 220–227.Walle H.J., Griffiths C.M., Waluda S.E., Thorpe I., Loaiza B., Moreno C.O., Pacherres K.A., Hughes C.L. Microplastics in the Antarctic marine system: An emerging area of research. Science of the Total Environment. 2017, 598: 220–227.Can-Güven E. Microplastics as emerging atmospheric pollutants: a review and bibliometric analysis // Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2020. V. 14. Р. 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00926-3.Can-Güven E. Microplastics as emerging atmospheric pollutants: a review and bibliometric analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2020, 14: 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00926-3.Allen S., Allen D., Phoenix V.R., Le Roux G., Jiménez P.D., Simonneau A., Binet S., Galop D. Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment // Nature Geoscience. 2019. V. 12. Р. 339–344.Allen S., Allen D., Phoenix V.R., Le Roux G., Jiménez P.D., Simonneau A., Binet S., Galop D. Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment. Nature Geoscience. 2019, 12: 339–344.Шевченко В.П. Влияние аэрозолей на среду и морское осадконакопление в Арктике. М.: Наука, 2006. 226 с.Shevchenko V.P. Vliyanie aerozolej na sredu i morskoe osadkonakoplenie v Arktike. Impact of aerosols on the environment and marine sedimentation in the Arctic. Moscow: Nauka, 2006: 226 p. [In Russian].Шевченко В.П., Лисицын А.П., Штайн Р., Горюнова Н.В., Клювиткин А.А., Кравчишина М.Д., Кривс М., Новигацкий А.Н., Соколов В.Т., Филиппов А.С., Хаас Х. Распределение и состав нерастворимых частиц в снеге Арктики // Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики. 2007. № 75. С. 106–118.Shevchenko V.P., Lisitsyn A.P., Shtain R., Foryunova N.V., Klyuvitkin A.A., Kravchishina M.D., Krivs M., Novigatskij A.N., Sokolov V.T., Philippov A.S., Haas H. Distribution and composition of particulate matter in the Arctic snow. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki. Problems of Arctic and Antarctic. 2007, 75: 106–118. [In Russian].Митяев М.В. Мурманское побережье (геолого-геоморфологические и климатические особенности, современные геологические процессы). Апатиты: Изд-во КНЦ РАН, 2014. 226 с.Mityaev M.V. Murmanskoe poberezh’e (geologo-geomorfologicheskie i klimaticheskie osobennosti, sovremennye geologicheskie processy). Murmansk coast (geological-geomorphological and climatic features, modern geological processes). Apatity: Izd. KNC RAN, 2014: 226 p. [In Russian].Dris R., Gasperi J., Saad M., Mirande-Bret C., Tassin B. Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: a source of microplastics in the environment? // Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016. V. 104. Р. 290–293.Dris R., Gasperi J., Saad M., Mirande-Bret C., Tassin B. Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: a source of microplastics in the environment? Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016, 104: 290–293.Cai L., Wang J., Peng J., Tan Z., Zhan Z., Tan X., Chen Q. Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city, China: preliminary research and first evidence // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017. V. 24. Р. 24928–24935.Cai L., Wang J., Peng J., Tan Z., Zhan Z., Tan X., Chen Q. Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city, China: preliminary research and first evidence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017, 24: 24928–24935.Hengstmann E., Fischer E.K. Nile red staining in microplastic analysis — proposal for a reliable and fast identification approach for large microplastics // Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019. V. 191. P. 612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7786-4.Hengstmann E., Fischer E. K. Nile red staining in microplastic analysis — proposal for a reliable and fast identification approach for large microplastics. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019, 191: 612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7786-4.Nel H.A., Chetwynd A.J., Kelleher L., Lynch I., Mansfield I., Margenat H., Onoja S., Oppenheimer P.G., Smith G.H.S., Krause S. Detection limits are central to improve reporting standards when using Nile red for microplastic quantification // Chemosphere. 2021. V. 263. Р. 127953.Nel H.A., Chetwynd A.J., Kelleher L., Lynch I., Mansfield I., Margenat H., Onoja S., Oppenheimer P.G., Smith G.H.S., Krause S. Detection limits are central to improve reporting standards when using Nile red for microplastic quantification. Chemosphere. 2021, 263: 127953.Andrady A.L. Microplastics in the marine environment // Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2011. V. 62. P. 1596–1605.Andrady A.L. Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2011, 62: 1596–1605.Erni-Cassola G., Gibson M.I., Thompson R.C., Christie-Oleza J.A. Lost, but Found with Nile Red: A Novel Method for Detecting and Quantifying Small Microplastics (1mm to 20μm) in Environmental Samples // Environmental Science & Technology. 2017. V. 51. Р. 13641–13648. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04512.Erni-Cassola G., Gibson M.I., Thompson R.C., Christie-Oleza J.A. Lost, but found with Nile Red: a novel method for detecting and quantifying small microplastics (1mm to 20μm) in environmental samples. Environmental Science & Technology. 2017, 51: 13641–13648. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04512.Maes T., Jessop R., Wellner N., Haupt K., Mayes A.G. A rapid-screening approach to detect and quantify microplastics based on fluorescent tagging with Nile Red // Scientific Reports. 2017. V. 7. Р. 44501. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44501.Maes T., Jessop R., Wellner N., Haupt K., Mayes A.G. A rapid-screening approach to detect and quantify microplastics based on fluorescent tagging with Nile Red. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7: 44501. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44501.Shim W.J., Song Y.K., Hong S.H., Jang M. Identification and quantification of microplastics using Nile Red staining // Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016. V. 113. Р. 469–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.049.Shim W.J., Song Y.K., Hong S.H., Jang M. Identification and quantification of microplastics using Nile Red staining. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016, 113: 469–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.049.Tamminga M., Hengstmann E., Fischer E.K. Nile red staining as a subsidiary method for microplastic quantification: a comparison of three solvents and factors influencing application reliability // SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment Studies. 2017. V. 2. Issue 2. P. 165–172. https://doi.org/10.15436/JESES.2.2.1.Tamminga M., Hengstmann E., Fischer E.K. Nile red staining as a subsidiary method for microplastic quantification: a comparison of three solvents and factors influencing application reliability // SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment Studies. 2017, 2, 2: 165–172. https://doi.org/10.15436/JESES.2.2.1.Митяев М.В., Герасимова М.В., Рыжик И.В., Ишкулова Т.Г. Нерастворимые фракции аэрозолей и тяжелых металлов в свежевыпавшем снеге на северо-западе Кольского полуострова в 2018 г. // Лед и снег. 2019. Т. 59. № 3. С. 307–318. doi: 10.15356/2076-6734-2019-3-386.Mityaev M.V., Gerasimova M.V., Ryzhik I.V., Ishkulova T.G. Insoluble fractions of aerosols and heavy metals in fresh snow in the northwest of the Kola Peninsula in 2018. Led i sneg. Ice and Snow. 2019, 59: 307–318. [In Russian]. doi: 10.15356/2076-6734-2019-3-386.Hartmann N.B., Hüffer T., Thompson R.C., Hassellöv M., Verschoor A., Daugaard A.E., Rist S., Karlsson T., Brennholt N., Cole M., Herrling M.P., Hess M.C., Ivleva N.P., Lusher A.L., Wagner M. Are We Speaking the Same Language? Recommendations for A Definition and Categorization Framework for Plastic Debris // Environmental Science and Technology. 2019. V. 53. Р. 1039−1047.Hartmann N.B., Hüffer T., Thompson R.C., Hassellöv M., Verschoor A., Daugaard A.E., Rist S., Karlsson T., Brennholt N., Cole M., Herrling M.P., Hess M.C., Ivleva N.P., Lusher A.L., Wagner M.Are We Speaking the Same Language? Recommendations for A Definition and Categorization Framework for Plastic Debris. Environmental Science and Technology. 2019, 53: 1039−1047.Dris R., Gasperi J., Rocher V., Saad M., Renault N., Tassin B. Microplastic contamination in an urban area: a case study in greater Paris // Environmental Chemistry. 2015. V. 12. P. 592. https://doi.org/10.1071/en14167.Dris R., Gasperi J., Rocher V., Saad M., Renault N., Tassin B. Microplastic contamination in an urban area: a case study in greater Paris. Environmental Chemistry. 2015, 12: 592. https://doi.org/10.1071/en14167.Klein M., Fischer E.K. Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany // Science of the Total Environment. 2019. V. 685. Р. 96–103.Klein M., Fischer E.K. Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany. Science of the Total Environment. 2019, 685: 96–103.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.