aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-206-227aari-531Research ArticleГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЯ И ЭВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯGEOMORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GEOGRAPHYНовые данные к палиностратиграфии микулинских (эемских) отложений в низовьях реки Пёза (северо-восток Беломорского региона)New data on the palynostratigraphy of the Mikulinian (Eemian) deposits in the lower reaches of the Pyoza River (northeastern White Sea region)РуденкоО. В.RudenkoО. V.

Орёл

Orel

olrudenko2011@yandex.ruТалденковаЕ. Е.TaldenkovaЕ. Е.

Москва

Moscow

БаухХ. А.BauchH. А.

Бремерхафен

Germany

ОвсепянЯ. С.ОvsepyanYa. S.

Москва

Moscow

Орловский государственный университет им. И. С. ТургеневаРоссияOrel State University named after I. S. TurgenevRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет им. М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут полярных и морских исследований им. Альфреда ВегенераГерманияAWIGermanyГеологический институт РАН; Московский государственный университет им. М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияGeological Institute RAS; Lomonosov Moscow State University;Russian Federation202312072023692206227Copyright © Руденко О.В., Талденкова Е.Е., Баух Х.А., Овсепян Я.С., 20232023Руденко О.В., Талденкова Е.Е., Баух Х.А., Овсепян Я.С.Rudenko О.V., Taldenkova Е.Е., Bauch H.А., Оvsepyan Y.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/531

Палинологическим методом изучена толща морских осадков бореальной трансгрессии мощностью 455 см, залегающая на морене московского возраста в разрезе Бычье-2 на р. Пёзе (Архангельская область). Получены последовательные пыльцевые записи, позволившие провести палинозональное расчленение разреза и проследить изменение растительности на северо-востоке Беломорского региона в ходе развития бореальной трансгрессии. При сопоставлении выделенных палинозон с региональными подразделениями, установленными в опорных разрезах Бычье-1, расположенном в 5 км вверх по течению р. Пёзы, и Пески на Карельском перешейке, использованы методы корреляции и событийной палиностратиграфии. Установлено, что накопление морских отложений в разрезе Бычье-2 происходило с конца московского оледенения, во временном интервале между ~ 131 и ~ 119,5 тыс. л. н. В разрезе выделено 7 палинозон, свидетельствующих о последовательном изменении климатических условий и ответной реакции растительного покрова. Основная тенденция – быстрое вытеснение кустарничково-травянистых группировок арктического типа сосново-березовыми лесами в самом начале микулинского (эемского) межледниковья и последующее увеличение доли участия в лесах темнохвойных элементов в связи с нарастанием влажности климата в ходе развития бореальной трансгрессии. Значительное потепление климата обусловило возможность участия в лесах термофильных лиственных растений (дуба, вяза, лещины и, возможно, даже граба). На этапе ухудшения климатических условий конца межледниковья в лесах региона установилось господство сосны и березы и исчезли все термо- и гигрофильные элементы.

The palynological method was used to study a 455 cm thick marine sediment sequence, which overlies the Moscovian moraine in the Bychye-2 section on the Pyoza River (Arkhangel’sk region). The pollen records obtained allowed us to make a palynozonal subdivision of the section and to trace the plant cover transformations that occurred in the northeastern White Sea region during the Boreal transgression. When comparing the established local palynozones with the regional subdivisions of the reference sections Bychye-1, located 5 km upstream on the Pyoza River from the Bychye-2 site, and Peski on the Karelian Isthmus, we also employed the methods of correlation and event palynostratigraphy. It has been found that the marine sediments in the Bychye-2 section accumulated from the end of the Moscovian glaciation (~ 131 ka BP) until ~ 119,5 ka BP. The seven local palynozones established in the Bychye-2 section indicate a consistent change in climatic conditions and vegetational feedbacks. The main trend is the rapid displacement of Arctic-type shrub-herbaceous communities by pine-birch forests at the very beginning of the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial and the subsequent rise in the proportion of dark coniferous elements in the forests due to the growing humidity of the climate in the course of the transgression. A significant warming of the climate led to the emergence of thermophilic deciduous plants (oak, elm, hazel, and possibly even hornbeam) in the forests of the region. The predominance of pine-birch forests and the disappearance of all thermo- and hygrophilic elements of the vegetation followed the deterioration of climatic conditions during the final stage of the Mikulinian interglacial.

бореальная трансгрессияклиматические измененияпалинозонапоздний плейстоценпыльцаспорытрансформация растительностиboreal transgressionclimatic changeslate Pleistocenepollenpollen zonessporestransformation of vegetationИсследование выполнено в рамках проекта РНФ № 22-27-00324.The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 22-27-00324.ReferencesShackleton N.J., Sánchez-Goñi M.F., Pailler D., Lancelot Y. Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian Interglacial // Global and Planetary Change. 2003. V. 36. P. 151–155. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00181-9.Shackleton N.J., Sánchez-Goñi M.F., Pailler D., Lancelot Y. Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian Interglacial. Glob. Planet. Change. 2003, 36: 151–155. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00181-9.Kukla G.J. The last interglacial // Science. 2000. V. 287. P. 987–988. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5455.987.Kukla G.J. The last interglacial. Science. 2000, 287: 987–988. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5455.987.Kukla G.J., Bender M.L., de Beaulieu J.-L., Bond G., Broecker W.S., Cleveringa P., Gavin J.E., Herbert T.D., Imbrie J., Jouzel J., Keigwin L.D., Knudsen K.-L., McManus J.F., Merkt J., Muhs D.R., Muller H., Poore R.Z., Porter S.C., Seret G., Shackleton N.J., Turner C., Tzedakis P.C., Winograd I.J. Last Interglacial Climates // Quaternary Research. 2002. V. 58. P. 2–13. doi: 10.1006/qres.2001.2316.Kukla G.J., Bender M.L., de Beaulieu J.-L., Bond G., Broecker W.S., Cleveringa P., Gavin J.E., Herbert T.D., Imbrie J., Jouzel J., Keigwin L.D., Knudsen K.-L., McManus J.F., Merkt J., Muhs D.R., Muller H., Poore R.Z., Porter S.C., Seret G., Shackleton N.J., Turner C., Tzedakis P.C., Winograd I.J. Last Interglacial Climates. Quat. Res. 2002, 58: 2–13. doi: 10.1006/qres.2001.2316.CAPE-Last Interglacial Project Members. Last Interglacial arctic warmth confirms polar amplification of climate change // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2006. V. 25. P. 1383–1400. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.033.CAPE-Last Interglacial Project Members. Last Interglacial arctic warmth confirms polar amplification of climate change. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2006, 25: 1383–1400. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.033.Turner C. Formal status and vegetational development of the Eemian Interglacial in northwestern and southern Europe // Quaternary Research. 2002. V. 58. P. 41–44. doi: 10.1006/qres.2002.2365.Turner C. Formal status and vegetational development of the Eemian Interglacial in northwestern and southern Europe. Quat. Res. 2002, 58: 41–44. doi: 10.1006/qres.2002.2365.Müller H. Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen und Jahresschichtenzählung an der eem-zeitlichen Kieselgur von Bispingen/Luhe // Geologisches Jahrbuch. 1974. Bd. A-21. S. 149–169.Müller H. Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen und Jahresschichtenzählung an der eem-zeitlichen Kieselgur von Bispingen. Luhe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. 1974, A-21: 149–169.Fletcher W.J., Sa’nches Goñi M.F., Allen J.M.D., Cheddadi R., Combourieu-Nebout N., Huntley B., Lawson I., Londeix L., Magri D., Margari V., Müller U.C., Naughton F., Novenko E., Roucoux K., Tzedakis P.C. Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010. V. 29. P. 2839–2864. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.015.Fletcher W.J., Sa’nches Goñi M.F., Allen J.M.D., Cheddadi R., Combourieu-Nebout N., Huntley B., Lawson I., Londeix L., Magri D., Margari V., Müller U.C., Naughton F., Novenko E., Roucoux K., Tzedakis P.C. Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2010, 29: 2839–2864. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.015.LIGA members: Anderson P., Borisova O., de Beaulieu J.-L., de Vernal A., Eiriksson J., Funder S., Gibbard P., Hamilton T., Harrison S.P., Houmark-Nielssen M., Huntley B., Knudsen K.L., Larsen E., Maher L.J., Matthews J.V. Jr., Miller G., Raukas A., Reeh N., Robertsson A.-M., Rutter N., Schweger C.E., Sejrup H.-P., Sher A., Telka A., Turner C., Velichko A., Ward B. Report of 1st discussion group: the Last Interglacial in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere: terrestrial and marine evidence // Quaternary International. 1991. V. 10–12. P. 9–28. doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(91)90038-P.LIGA members: Anderson P., Borisova O., de Beaulieu J.-L., de Vernal A., Eiriksson J., Funder S., Gibbard P., Hamilton T., Harrison S.P., Houmark-Nielssen M., Huntley B., Knudsen K.L., Larsen E., Maher L.J., Matthews J.V. Jr., Miller G., Raukas A., Reeh N., Robertsson A.-M., Rutter N., Schweger C.E., Sejrup H.-P., Sher A., Telka A., Turner C., Velichko A., Ward B. Report of 1st discussion group: the Last Interglacial in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere: terrestrial and marine evidence. Quat. Int. 1991, 10–12: 9–28. doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(91)90038-P.Saarnisto M., Eriksson B., Hirvas H. Tepsankumpu revisited — pollen evidence of stable Eemian climates in Finnish Lapland // Boreas. 2008. V. 28. P. 12–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00204.x.Saarnisto M., Eriksson B., Hirvas H. Tepsankumpu revisited — pollen evidence of stable Eemian climates in Finnish Lapland. Boreas. 2008, 28: 12–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00204.x.Лаврова М.А. Соотношение межледниковой бореальной трансгрессии севера СССР с эемской в Западной Европе // Труды Института геологии Академии наук Эстонской ССР. 1961. Т. VIII. С. 65–88.Lavrova M.A. Correlation of the Interglacial Boreal Transgression of the Northern USSR with the Eemian Transgression in Western Europe. Trudy instituta geologii Akademii nauk Estonskoi SSR. Proc. of the Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. 1961, 8: 65–88. [In Russian].Гудина В.И., Евзеров В.Я. Стратиграфия и фораминиферы верхнего плейстоцена Кольского полуострова. Новосибирск: Наука, 1973. 145 с.Gudina V.I., Evzerov V.Ya. Stratigrafiia i foraminifery verkhnego pleistotsena Kol’skogo poluostrova. Stratigraphy and foraminifera of the Upper Pleistocene of the Kola Peninsula. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1973: 145 p. [In Russian].Девятова Э.И. Природная среда позднего плейстоцена и ее влияние на расселение человека в Северодвинском бассейне и в Карелии. Петрозаводск: Карелия, 1982. 156 с.Devyatova E.I. Prirodnaya sreda pozdnego pleistotsena i ee vliyanie na rasselenie cheloveka v Severodvinskom basseine i v Karelii. Late Pleistocene environment and its influence on human settlement in the Severnaya Dvina basin and in Karelia. Petrozavodsk: Kareliia, 1982: 156 p. [In Russian].Gey V., Saarnisto M., Lunkka J.P., Demidov I. Mikulino and Valdai palaeoenvironments in the Vologda area, NW Russia // Global and Planetary Change. 2001. V. 31. P. 347–366. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00129—1.Gey V., Saarnisto M., Lunkka J.P., Demidov I. Mikulino and Valdai palaeoenvironments in the Vologda area, NW Russia. Glob. Planet. Change. 2001, 31: 347–366. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00129-1.Houmark-Nielsen M., Demidov I., Funder S., Grøsfjeld K., Kjær K. H., Larsen E., Lavrova N., Lyså A., Nielsen J. K. Early and Middle Valdaian glaciations, ice-dammed lakes and periglacial interstadials in northwest Russia: new evidence from the Pyoza River area // Global and Planetary Change. 2001. V. 31. P. 215–237. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00121-7.Houmark-Nielsen M., Demidov I., Funder S., Grøsfjeld K., Kjær K. H., Larsen E., Lavrova N., Lyså A., Nielsen J.K. Early and Middle Valdaian glaciations, ice-dammed lakes and periglacial interstadials in northwest Russia: new evidence from the Pyoza River area. Glob. Planet. Change. 2001, 31: 215–237. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00121-7.Korsakova O. Pleistocene marine deposits in the coastal areas of Kola Peninsula (Russia) // Quaternary International. 2009. V. 206. P. 3–15. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.11.004.Korsakova O. Pleistocene marine deposits in the coastal areas of Kola Peninsula (Russia). Quat. Int. 2009, 206: 3–15. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.11.004.Korsakova O.P. Formal stratigraphy of the Neopleistocene (middle and upper/late Pleistocene) in the Kola region, NW Russia // Quaternary International. 2019. V. 534 (2). P. 42–59. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.03.007.Korsakova O.P. Formal stratigraphy of the Neopleistocene (middle and upper/late Pleistocene) in the Kola region, NW Russia. Quat. Int. 2019, 534 (2): 42–59. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.03.007.Molod’kov А., Yevzerov V. ESR/OSL ages of long-debated sub-till fossil-bearing marine deposits from the southern Kola Peninsula, Varzuga section: stratigraphic implications // Boreas. 2004. V. 33. P. 123–131. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb01134.x.Molodkov А., Yevzerov V. ESR/OSL ages of long-debated sub-till fossil-bearing marine deposits from the southern Kola Peninsula, Varzuga section: stratigraphic implications Boreas. 2004, 33: 123–131. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb01134.x.Grøsfjeld K., Funder S., Seidenkrantz M.S., Glaister C. Last Interglacial marine environments in the White Sea region, northwestern Russia // Boreas. 2006. V. 35. P. 493–520. doi:10.1080/03009480600781917.Grøsfjeld K., Funder S., Seidenkrantz M.S., Glaister C. Last Interglacial marine environments in the White Sea region, northwestern Russia. Boreas. 2006, 35: 493–520. doi: 10.1080/03009480600781917.Miettinen A., Head M.J., Knudsen K. Eemian sea-level highstand in the eastern Baltic Sea linked to long-duration White Sea connection // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2014. V. 86. P. 158–174. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.009.Miettinen A., Head M.J., Knudsen K. Eemian sea-level highstand in the eastern Baltic Sea linked to long-duration White Sea connection. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2014, 86: 158–174. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.009.Salonen S., Helmens K., Brendryen J., Kuosmanen N., Väliranta M., Goring S., Korpela M., Kylander M., Philip A., Plikk A., Renssen H., Luoto M. Abrupt high-latitude climate events and decoupled seasonal trends during the Eemian // Nature Communications. 2018. V. 9. P. 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05314-1.Salonen S., Helmens K., Brendryen J., Kuosmanen N., Väliranta M., Goring S., Korpela M., Kylander M., Philip A., Plikk A., Renssen H., Luoto M. Abrupt high-latitude climate events and decoupled seasonal trends during the Eemian. Nature Comm. 2018, 9: 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05314-1.Zaretskaya N., Rybalko A., Repkina T., Shilova O., Krylov A. Late Pleistocene in the southeastern White Sea and adjacent areas (Arkhangelsk region, Russia): Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments // Quaternary International. 2021. V. 605–606. P. 126–141. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.10.057.Zaretskaya N., Rybalko A., Repkina T., Shilova O., Krylov A. Late Pleistocene in the southeastern White Sea and adjacent areas (Arkhangelsk region, Russia): Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments. Quat. Int. 2021, 605–606: 126–141. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.10.057.Cleveringa P., Meijer T., van Leeuwen R.J.W., de Wolf H., Pouwer R., Lissenberg T., Burger A.W. The Eemian stratotype locality at Amersfoort in the central Netherlands: a re-evaluation of old and new data // Geologie en Mijnbouw. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 2000. V. 79 (2/3). P. 197–216. doi: 10.1017/S0016774600023659.Cleveringa P., Meijer T., van Leeuwen R.J.W., de Wolf H., Pouwer R., Lissenberg T., Burger A.W. The Eemian stratotype locality at Amersfoort in the central Netherlands: a re-evaluation of old and new data. Geologie en Mijnbouw. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 2000, 79 (2/3): 197–216. doi: 10.1017/S0016774600023659.Dalton A.S., Evan J., Gowan E.J., Mangerud J., Möller P., Lunkka J.P., Astakhov V. Last interglacial sea-level proxies in the glaciated Northern Hemisphere // Earth Syst. Sci. Data. 2022.V. 14. P. 1447–1492. doi: 10.5194/essd-14-1447-2022.Dalton A.S., Evan J., Gowan E.J., Mangerud J., Möller P., Lunkka J.P., Astakhov V. Last interglacial sea-level proxies in the glaciated Northern Hemisphere. Earth Syst. Sci. Data. 2022, 14: 1447–1492. doi: 10.5194/essd-14-1447-2022.Ikonen L., Ekman I. Biostratigraphy of the Mikulino interglacial sediments in NW Russia: the Petrozavodsk site and a literature review // Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae A III Geologica— Geographica. 2001. V. 161. 88 p.Ikonen L., Ekman I. Biostratigraphy of the Mikulino interglacial sediments in NW Russia: the Petrozavodsk site and a literature review. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae A III Geologica-Geographica. 2001, 161: 88 p.Helmens K.F., Väliranta M., Engels S., Shala S. Large shifts in vegetation and climate during the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d-c) inferred from multi-proxy evidence at Sokli (northern Finland) // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2012. V. 41. P. 22–38. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.008.Helmens K.F., Väliranta M., Engels S., Shala S. Large shifts in vegetation and climate during the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d-c) inferred from multi-proxy evidence at Sokli (northern Finland). Quat. Sci. Rev. 2012, 41: 22–38. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.008.Funder S., Demidov I., Yelovicheva Ya. Hydrography and mollusc faunas of the Baltic and the White Sea-North Sea seaway in the Eemian // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2002. V. 184. P. 275–304. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00256-0.Funder S., Demidov I., Yelovicheva Ya. Hydrography and mollusc faunas of the Baltic and the White Sea-North Sea seaway in the Eemian. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 2002, 184: 275–304. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00256-0.Knudsen K. L., Jiang H., Gibbard P. L., Kristensen P., Seidenkrantz M.-S., Janczyk-Kopikowa Z., Marks L. Environmental reconstructions of Eemian Stage interglacial marine records in the Lower Vistula area, southern Baltic Sea // Boreas. 2012. V. 41. P. 209–234. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00232.x.Knudsen K. L., Jiang H., Gibbard P. L., Kristensen P., Seidenkrantz M.-S., Janczyk-Kopikowa Z., Marks L. Environmental reconstructions of Eemian Stage interglacial marine records in the Lower Vistula area, southern Baltic Sea. Boreas. 2012, 41: 209–234. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00232.x.Lambeck K., Purcell A., Funder S., Kjær K. H., Larsen E., Möller P. Constraints on the Late Saalian to early Middle Weichselian ice sheet of Eurasia from field data and rebound modelling // Boreas. 2006. V. 35. P. 539–575. doi: 10.1080/03009480600781875.Lambeck K., Purcell A., Funder S., Kjær K. H., Larsen E., Möller P. Constraints on the Late Saalian to early Middle Weichselian ice sheet of Eurasia from field data and rebound modelling. Boreas. 2006, 35: 539–575. doi: 10.1080/03009480600781875.Корсакова О.П., Колька В.В. Плейстоценовая история осадконакопления в береговой зоне Кольского полуострова // Известия Русского географического общества. 2009. Т. 141. № 4. С. 35–47.Korsakova O.P., Kol’ka V.V. Pleistocene sedimentation history in the coastal zone of the Kola Peninsula. Izvestiia Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva. Proc. of the Russian Geographical Society. 2009, 141 (4): 35–47. [In Russian].Семенова Л.Р., Рыбалко А.Е., Журавлев В.А. Четвертичная система // Государственная геологическая карта Российской Федерации. Масштаб 1 : 1 000 000 (третье поколение). Серия Мезенская. Лист Q-38 – Мезень. Объяснительная записка. СПб.: Картографическая фабрика ВСЕГЕИ, 2012. С. 86–122.Semenova L.R., Rybalko A.E., Zhuravlev V.A. Chetvertichnaya Sistema. GGK RF (1:1000000), tret’e pokolenie, seriya Mezenskaia, list Q-38 (Mezen’). Ob’yaasnitel’naya zapiska. Quaternary System. GGK RF (1:1000000), third generation, Mezen’ series, sheet Q-38 (Mezen’), Explanatory note. 2012: 86–122. [In Russian].Zagwijn W.H. An analysis of Eemian climate in Western and Central Europe // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1996. V. 15. P. 451–469. doi: 10.1016/0277-3791(96)00011-X.Zagwijn W.H. An analysis of Eemian climate in Western and Central Europe. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1996, 15: 451–469. doi: 10.1016/0277-3791(96)00011-X.Гричук В.П. Ископаемые флоры как палеонтологическая основа стратиграфии четвертичных отложений // Рельеф и стратиграфия четвертичных отложений северо-запада Русской равнины. М.: Изд-во Акад. наук СССР, 1961. C. 25–71.Grichuk V.P. Fossil floras as a paleontological basis for the stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits. Rel’ef i stratigrafiya chetvertichnykh otlozhenii severo-zapada Russkoi ravniny. Relief and Stratigraphy of Quaternary Deposits of the Northwest Russian Plain. Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961: 25–71. [In Russian].Grichuk V.P. Late Pleistocene vegetation history // Velichko A.A., Wright H.E., Barnosky C.W. (Eds.) Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. London: Longman, 1984. P. 155–179.Grichuk V.P. Late Pleistocene vegetation history. Velichko A.A., Wright H.E., Barnosky C.W. (Eds.) Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. London: Longman, 1984: 155–179.Andersen S.T. Interglacial vegetational succession and lake development in Denmark // Palaeobotanist. 1966. V. 15. P. 117–127.Andersen S.T. Interglacial vegetational succession and lake development in Denmark. Palaeobotanist. 1966, 15: 117–127.Boettger T., Novenko E.Yu., Velichko A.A., Borisova O.K., Kremenetski K.V., Knetsch S., Junge F.W. Instability of climate and vegetational dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe during the final stage of the Last Interglacial (Eemian, Mikulino) and Early glaciation // Quaternary International. 2009. V. 207. P. 137–144. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.05.006.Boettger T., Novenko E.Yu., Velichko A.A., Borisova O.K., Kremenetski K.V., Knetsch S., Junge F.W. Instability of climate and vegetational dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe during the final stage of the Last Interglacial (Eemian, Mikulino) and Early glaciation. Quat. Int. 2009, 207: 137–144. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.05.006.Zagwijn W.H. Vegetation and climate during warmer intervals in the late Pleistocene of Western and Central Europe // Quaternary International. 1989. V. 3/4. P. 57–67. doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(89)90074-8.Zagwijn W.H. Vegetation and climate during warmer intervals in the late Pleistocene of Western and Central Europe. Quat. Int. 1989, 3/4: 57–67. doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(89)90074-8.Donner J. The Quaternary History of Scandinavia / World and Regional Geology 7. Cambridge University Press, 1995. 200 p.Donner J. The Quaternary History of Scandinavia. World and Regional Geology 7. Cambridge University Press, 1995: 200 p.Гричук В.П. История флоры и растительности Русской равнины в плейстоцене. М.: Наука, 1989. 183 с.Grichuk V.P. Istoriia flory i rastitel’nosti Russkoi ravniny v pleistotsene. History of flora and vegetation of the Russian Plain in the Pleistocene. Moscow: Nauka, 1989: 183 p. [In Russian].Aтлас Арктики / Под ред. Трешников А.Ф. М.: ГУГК, 1985. 204 c.Atlas Arktiki. Arctic Atlas. Treshnikov A.F. (Ed.) Moscow: GUGK, 1985: 204 p. [In Russian].Физико-географический атлас мира. М.: ГУГК, 1964. 298 с.Fiziko-geograficheskii atlas mira. Physical-Geographical Atlas of the World. Moscow: GUGK, 1964: 298 p. [In Russian].Бобров Е.Г. Лесообразующие хвойные СССР. Л.: Наука, 1978. 189 с.Bobrov E.G. Lesoobrazuiushchie khvoinye SSSR. Forest-forming conifers of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka, 1978: 189 p. [In Russian].Растительный покров СССР. Пояснительный текст к геоботанической карте СССР / Под ред. Е.М. Лавренко, В.Б. Сочавы. Ч. 1. М; Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1956. 971 с.Rastitel’nyi pokrov SSSR. Poiasnitel’nyi tekst k geobotanicheskoi karte SSSR. Vegetation cover of the USSR. Explanatory text to the geobotanical map of the USSR. Part 1. E.M. Lavrenko, V.B. Sochava. (Ed.) Moscow; Leningrad: Publ. of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1956: 971 p. [In Russian].Юрцев Б.А., Толмачев А.И., Ребристая О.В. Флористическое разнообразие и районирование Арктики // Арктическая флористическая область / Под ред. Б.А. Юрцева. Л.: Наука, 1978. С. 9–66.Yurtsev B.A., Tolmachev A.I., Rebristaya O.V. Floristic diversity and zoning of the Arctic. Arkticheskii floristicheskii region. Arctic floristic region. Yurtsev B.A. (Ed.). Leningrad: Nauka, 1978: 9–66. [In Russian].Браславская Т.Ю., Горячкин С.В., Кутенков С.А., Мамонтов Т.В., Попов С.Ю., Пучнина Л.В., Сидорова О.В., Торхов С.В., Федченко И.А., Чуракова Е.Ю. Флора и растительность Беломорско-Кулойского плато. Архангельск: САФУ, 2017. 302 с.Braslavskaya T.Yu., Goryachkin S.V., Kutenkov S.A., Mamontov T.V., Popov S.Yu., Puchnina L.V., Sidorova O.V., Torkhov S.V., Fedchenko I.A., Churakova E.Yu. Flora i rastitel’nost’ Belomorsko-Kuloiskogo plato. Flora and vegetation of the Belomorsko-Kuloiskoe Plateau. Arkhangel’sk: SAFU, 2017: 302 p. [In Russian].Малясова Е.С. Пыльца и споры из донных осадков Белого моря // Палинология голоцена и маринопалинология. М.: Наука, 1973. С. 119–123.Malyasova E.S. Pollen and spores from bottom sediments of the White Sea. Palinologiya golotsena i marinopalinologiya. Holocene Palynology and Marinopalynology. Moscow: Nauka, 1973: 119–123. [In Russian].Руденко О.В., Полякова Е.И. Особенности формирования спорово-пыльцевых спектров в поверхностных осадках Баренцева моря // Седиментологические процессы и эволюция морских экосистем в условиях морского перигляциала. Апатиты: Изд-во КНЦ РАН, 2001. С. 111–120.Rudenko O.V., Polyakova E.I. Peculiarities of formation of spore-pollen spectra in surface sediments of the Barents Sea. Sedimentologicheskie protsessy i evoliutsiya morskikh ekosistem v usloviyakh morskogo perigliatsiala. Sedimentological processes and evolution of marine ecosystems under marine periglacial conditions. Apatity: KNTs RAN, 2001: 111–120. [In Russian].Новичкова Е.А. Постледниковая история развития Белого моря по материалам изучения водных и наземных палиноморф: Автореф. дис. … канд. геол.-мин. наук. М. 2008. 24 с.Novichkova E.A. Postlednikovaya istoriya razvitiya Belogo morya po materialam izucheniya vodnykh i nazemnykh palinomorf. Postglacial history of the development of the White Sea according to the materials of the study of aquatic and terrestrial palynomorphs. PhD thesis. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, 2008: 24 p. [In Russian].Палеопалинология / Под ред. И.М. Покровской. Л.: Недра, 1966. Т. 1. 351 c.Paleopalynologiia. Paleopalynology. Pokrovskaia I.M. (Ed.) Leningrad: Nedra, 1966, 1: 351 p. [In Russian].Stockmarr J. Tablets spores used in absolute pollen analysis // Pollen Spores. 1971. V. 13. P. 616–621.Stockmarr J. Tablets spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen Spores. 1971, 13: 616–621.Куприянова Л.А., Алешина Л.А. Пыльца двудольных флоры Европейской части СССР. Л.: Наука, 1972. 438 c.Kupriyanova L.A., Aleshina L.A. Pyl’tsa dvudol’nykh flory Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR. Pollen of dicotyledons from the flora of the European part of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka, 1972: 438 p. [In Russian].Beug H.J. Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung. Munchen: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2004. 542 p.Beug H.J. Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung. Munchen: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2004: 542 p.Reille M. Pollen et spores d’Europe et d’Afrique du nord. Marseille: Laboratoire de Botanique Historique et Palynologie, 1992. 520 p.Reille M. Pollen et spores d’Europe et d’Afrique du nord. Marseille: Laboratoire de Botanique Historique et Palynologie, 1992: 520 p.PalDat — Palynological Database an online publication on recent pollen. URL: http://www.paldat.org/ (дата обращения: 17.10.2021).PalDat — Palynological Database an online publication on recent pollen. Available at: http://www.paldat.org/ (accessed 17.10.2021).Grimm E.C. TILIA 2.0 Version b.4 (Computer Software). Springfield: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1993.Grimm E.C. TILIA 2.0 Version b.4 (Computer Software). Springfield: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1993.Grimm E.C. TGView. Springfield: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 2004.Grimm E.C. TGView. Springfield: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 2004.Девятова Э.И., Раукас А.В., Раямяэ Р.А., Хютт Г.И. Верхнеплейстоценовый разрез Пасьва (р. Вага, Архангельская область) и его стратиграфическое значение // Бюллетень комиссии по изучению четвертичного периода. 1981. № 51. С. 38–50.Devyatova E.I., Raukas A.V., Raiamyae R.A., Khyutt G.I. Upper Pleistocene Pas’va section (Vaga River, Arkhangelsk region) and its stratigraphic significance. Byulleten’ komissii po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda. Bulletin of the Quaternary period commission. 1981, 51: 38–50. [In Russian].Cheddadi R., Mamakowa K., Guiot J., de Beaulieu J.-L., Reille M., Andrieu V., Granoszewski W., Peyron O. Was the climate of the Eemian stable? A quantitative climate reconstruction from seven European pollen records // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 1998. V. 143. P. 73–85. doi: 10. 1016/S0031-0182(98)00067-4.Cheddadi R., Mamakowa K., Guiot J., de Beaulieu J.-L., Reille M., Andrieu V., Granoszewski W., Peyron O. Was the climate of the Eemian stable? A quantitative climate reconstruction from seven European pollen records. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 1998, 143: 73–85. doi: 10. 1016/S0031-0182(98)00067-4.Mamakowa K. Late Middle Polish glaciation, Eemian and Early Vistulian vegetation at Imbramowice near Wroclaw and the pollen stratigraphy of this part of the Pleistocene in Poland // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1989. V. 29. P. 11–176.Mamakowa K. Late Middle Polish glaciation, Eemian and Early Vistulian vegetation at Imbramowice near Wroclaw and the pollen stratigraphy of this part of the Pleistocene in Poland. Acta Palaeobotanica. 1989, 29: 11–176.Болиховская Н.С., Молодьков А.Н. Периодизация, корреляция и абсолютный возраст теплых и холодных эпох последних 200 тысяч лет // Проблемы палеогеографии и стратиграфии плейстоцена. Вып. 3. М.: Изд-во Моск. гос. ун-та, 2008. С. 45–64.Bolikhovskaia N.S., Molod’kov A.N. Periodization, correlation and absolute age of warm and cold epochs of the last 200 thousand years. Problemy paleogeografii i stratigrafii pleistotsena. Problems of Paleogeography and Stratigraphy of the Pleistocene. Мoscow: MSU, 2008, 3: 45–64. [In Russian].Raukas A. Eemian interglacial record in the northwestern European part of the Soviet Union // Quaternary International. 1991. V. 10–12. P. 183–189. doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(91)90051-O.Raukas A. Eemian interglacial record in the northwestern European part of the Soviet Union. Quat. Int. 1991, 10–12: 183–189. doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(91)90051-O.Кондратене О. Стратиграфия и палеогеография квартера Литвы по палеоботаническим данным. Вильнюс: Academia, 1996. 213 с.Kondratene O. Stratigrafiya i paleogeografiya kvartera Litvy po paleobotanicheskim dannym. Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Lithuanian Quaternary according to paleobotanical data. Vilnius: Academia, 1996: 213 p. [In Russian].Lijvrand E. Suur-Prangly section as the regional stratotype of the Eemian marine deposits // Izvestija Akademii Nauk Estonskoi SSR, ser. Geol. 1987. V. 36. P. 20–26.Lijvrand E. Suur-Prangly section as the regional stratotype of the Eemian marine deposits. Izvestija Akademii Nauk Estonskoi SSR, ser. Geol: 1987, 36: 20–26.Lijvrand E. Problematic Snaigupele interglacial as a misleading factor in stratigraphical reconstruc and Climate // Abstract Volume of the INQUA-SEQS Simposium: 104. Geological Survey of Lithuania. Vilnius, 1997. P. 104.Lijvrand E. Problematic Snaigupele interglacial as a misleading factor in stratigraphical reconstruc and Climate. Abstract Volume of the INQUA-SEQS Simposium: 104. Geological Survey of Lithuania. Vilnius, 1997: 104.Zagwijn W.H. Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part 1: Eemian and Early Weichselian // Mededelingen Geologische Stichting Nieuwe. 1961. Serie 14. P. 15–45.Zagwijn W.H. Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part 1: Eemian and Early Weichselian. Mededelingen Geologische Stichting Nieuwe 1961, Serie 14: 15–45.Плешивцева Э.С., Гриб В.П. К стратиграфии четвертичных отложений нижнего течения р. Северной Двины // Доклады по геоморфологии и палеогеографии северо-запада европейской части СССР. Вып. 2. Ч. 1. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1965. С. 7–34.Pleshivtseva E.S., Grib V.P. About the stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits in the lower flow of the Northern Dvina River. Doklady po geomorfologii i paleogeografii severo-zapada evropeiskoi chasti SSSR. Papers on geomorphology and paleogeography of the northwest of the European part of the USSR. Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat, 1965, 2 (1): 7–34. [In Russian].Novenko E.Y., Seifert-Eulen M., Boettger T., Junge F.W. Eemian and Early Weichselian vegetation and climate history in Central Europe: A case study from the Klinge section (Lusatia, Germany) // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 2008. V. 151. P. 72–78. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.02.005.Novenko E.Y., Seifert-Eulen M., Boettger T., Junge F.W. Eemian and Early Weichselian vegetation and climate history in Central Europe: A case study from the Klinge section (Lusatia, Germany). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 2008, 151: 72–78. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.02.005.Velichko A.A. Late Pleistocene spatial paleoclimatic reconstructions // Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union (Velichko A.A. Ed.). London: Longman, 1984. P. 261–285.Velichko A.A. Late Pleistocene spatial paleoclimatic reconstructions. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union (Velichko, A.A. Ed.). London: Longman, 1984: 261–285.Velichko A.A., Borisova O.K., Zelikson E.M. Paradoxes of the Last Interglacial сlimate: reconstruction of the northern Eurasia climate based on palaeofloristic data // Boreas. 2008. V. 37. P. 1–19. doi: 10.1111/j1502-3885.2007.00001.x.Velichko A.A., Borisova O.K., Zelikson E.M. Paradoxes of the Last Interglacial сlimate: reconstruction of the northern Eurasia climate based on palaeofloristic data. Boreas. 2008, 37: 1–19. doi: 10.1111/j1502-3885.2007.00001.x.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.