<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-3-290-309</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-544</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОКЕАНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCEANOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные факторы, определяющие межгодовые изменения возрастной структуры ледяного покрова отдельных районов Баренцева моря</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drivers of interannual variations of ice age composition in sub-areas of the Barents Sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Egorova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лис</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lis</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya A. Lis</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Е. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Ye. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yevgeniy U. Mironov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>290</fpage><lpage>309</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егорова Е.С., Лис Н.А., Миронов Е.У., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егорова Е.С., Лис Н.А., Миронов Е.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorova E.S., Lis N.A., Mironov Y.U.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/544">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/544</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе выявлены основные факторы, определяющие межгодовые изменения площади льдов различных возрастных градаций для отдельных районов Баренцева моря. Путем построения физико-статистических уравнений с наибольшими коэффициентами корреляции и детерминации для периода с 1997 по 2023 г. были определены оптимальные комбинации предикторов для описания изменений возрастного состава ледяного покрова моря. Характер атмосферной циркуляции является основным фактором, оказывающим влияние на возрастную структуру льдов Баренцева моря. Меньшее влияние оказывают адвекция теплых вод атлантического происхождения, а также предыстория ледовитости, приповерхностная температура воздуха и ледообмен. Большинство полученных статистических моделей площади льдов различного возраста потенциально применимы на практике для долгосрочного прогнозирования, поскольку их эффективность составляет более 10 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present study deals with assessing the impact of the factors that define the interannual variations of ice area of different age categories in the Barents Sea. For the analysis, a set of hydrometeorological and ice parameters was created, potentially influencing the age composition of the sea ice cover. Among these are the climate indices of the Arctic Oscillation, the Arctic Dipole, the Pacific-North American Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, as well as the surface air temperature, the ice cover in the previous months and the ice outflow on the sea ice in the Barents Sea. Based on the parameters above, statistical equations with high quality indicators have been obtained.</p><p>The statistical equations are presented for the period of maximum ice cover in April. The results are provided for three homogeneous sub-areas of the Barents Sea: western, northeastern and southeastern. It is found that the atmospheric circulation pattern is the driver of the interannual variations in the Barents Sea ice age composition. The ice amount of different age categories is also determined by the advection of warm Atlantic Waters, but to a lesser extent; this effect is especially pronounced in the western sub-area of the Barents Sea. Essentially, the contribution of the local parameters, such as the ice cover in the previous months, the distribution of surface air temperature and the sea ice outflow, is more pronounced in the interannual variations of the ice coverage, while the contribution of climate indices is more pronounced in the changes in the ice area of individual age categories in the Barents Sea.</p><p>Most of the models obtained are potentially applicable to forecasting the ice area of various age categories since their efficiency is more than 10 %, which satisfies the requirements for the quality of the long-term forecast method.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Баренцево море</kwd><kwd>возрастной состав</kwd><kwd>зимний период</kwd><kwd>ледяной покров</kwd><kwd>межгодовые изменения</kwd><kwd>основные факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Barents Sea</kwd><kwd>ice cover</kwd><kwd>ice age composition</kwd><kwd>interannual variations</kwd><kwd>key factors</kwd><kwd>winter season</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 22-27-00443).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-27-00443).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 755 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2019: 755 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Латонин М.М., Башмачников И.Л., Бобылев Л.П. Явление арктического усиления и его движущие механизмы // Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика. 2020. Т. 13. № 3. С. 3–19. doi: 10.7868/S2073667320030016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latonin M.M., Bashmachnikov I.L., Bobylev L.P. The Arctic amplification phenomenon and its driving mechanisms. Fundamental’naya i prikladnaya gidrofizika. Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics. 2020, 13 (3): 3–19. [In Russian]. doi: 10.7868/S2073667320030016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Previdi M., Smith K.L., Polvani L.M. Arctic amplification of climate change: a review of underlying mechanisms // Environmental Research Letters. 2021. V. 16. 093003. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Previdi M., Smith K.L., Polvani L.M. Arctic amplification of climate change: a review of underlying mechanisms. Environmental Research Letters. 2021, 16: 093003. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов В.В. Новые механизмы Полярного усиления, инициированные сокращением арктического морского льда // Вестник РФФИ. 2022. № 2 (114). С. 40–47. doi: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-114-02-119-135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov V.V. New mechanisms of polar amplification triggered by the Arctic sea ice loss. Vestnik RFFI. RFBR Journal. 2022, 2 (114): 40–47. [In Russian]. doi: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-114-02-119-135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров В.Ю., Йоханнессен О.М. Изменение толщины льда в Арктике с конца XIX века // Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики. 2012. № 4 (94). С. 63–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrov V.Yu., Johannessen O.M. Changes of ice thickness in the Arctic since the end of 19th century. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2012, 4 (94): 63–73. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onarheim I.H., Årthun M. Toward an ice-free Barents Sea // Geophysical Research Letters. 2017. № 44. P. 8387–8395. doi: 10.1002/2017GL074304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onarheim I.H., Årthun M. Toward an ice-free Barents Sea. Geophysical Research Letters. 2017, 44: 8387–8395. doi: 10.1002/2017GL074304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stroeve J., Notz D. Changing state of Arctic sea ice across all seasons // Environmental Research Letters. 2018. V. 13. № 10. 103001. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aade56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stroeve J., Notz D. Changing state of Arctic sea ice across all seasons. Environmental Research Letters. 2018, 13 (10): 103001. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aade56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onarheim I.H., Eldevik T., Smedsrud L.H., Stroeve J.C. Seasonal and regional manifestation of Arctic sea ice loss // Journal of Climate. 2018. V. 31. P. 4917–4932. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0427.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onarheim I.H., Eldevik T., Smedsrud L.H., Stroeve J.C. Seasonal and regional manifestation of Arctic sea ice loss. Journal of Climate. 2018, 31: 4917–4932. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0427.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сумкина А.А., Кивва К.К., Иванов В.В., Смирнов А.В. Сезонное очищение ото льда Баренцева моря и его зависимость от адвекции тепла Атлантическими водами // Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика. 2022. Т. 15. № 1. С. 82–97. doi: 10.48612/fpg/1krp-xbuk-6gpz.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumkina A.A., Kivva K.K., Ivanov V.V., Smirnov A.V. Seasonal ice removal in the Barents Sea and its dependence on heat advection by Atlantic waters. Fundamental’naja i prikladnaja gidrofizika. Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics. 2022, 15 (1): 82–97. [In Russian]. doi: 10.48612/fpg/1krp-xbuk-6gpz.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронов Е.У. Ледовые условия в Гренландском и Баренцевом морях и их долгосрочный прогноз. СПб.: ААНИИ, 2004. 319 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov Ye.U. Ledovye usloviia v Grenlandskom i Barentsevom moriakh i ikh dolgosrochnyi prognoz. Ice conditions in the Greenland and Barents Seas and its long-term forecast. St. Petersburg: AARI, 2004: 319 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гудкович З.М., Кириллов А.А., Ковалев Е.Г., Сметанникова А.В., Спичкин В.А. Основы методики долгосрочных ледовых прогнозов для арктических морей. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1972. 348 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gudkovich Z.M., Kirillov A.A., Kovalev E.G., Smetannikova A.V., Spichkin V.A. Osnovy metodiki dolgosrochnykh ledovykh prognozov dlia arkticheskikh morei. Fundamentals of the methodology of long-term ice forecasts for the Arctic seas. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1972: 348 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егорова Е.С., Миронов. Е.У. Возрастной состав ледяного покрова Баренцева моря // Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики. 2022. Т. 68. № 3. С. 216–233. doi: 10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-3-216-233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorova E.S., Mironov Ye.U. Ice age composition in the Barents Sea. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2022, 68 (3): 216–233. [In Russian]. doi: 10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-3-216-233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководящий документ 52.27.759 — 2011, Наставление по службе прогнозов. Раздел 3. Часть III. Служба морских гидрологических прогнозов. М.: Триада ЛТД, 2011. 194 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukovodjashhij dokument 52.27.759–2011. Nastavlenie po sluzhbe prognozov. Razdel 3. Ch. III. Sluzhba morskih gidrologicheskikh prognozov. Management directive 52.27.759–2011, Forecast service manual, pt 3, chpt III. Maritime hydrological forecast service. Moscow: Triada LTD, 2011: 194 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute World Data Center Sea-Ice. URL: http://wdc.aari.ru/datasets/d0004/bar/ (дата обращения: 06.02.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AARI WDC Sea-Ice archive. Available at: http://wdc.aari.ru/datasets/d0004/bar/ (accessed 06.02.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева Е.В., Алексеева Т.А., Соколова Ю.В., Демчев Д.М., Чуфарова М.С., Быченков Ю.Д., Девятаев О.С. Методика составления ледовых карт ААНИИ // Российская Арктика. 2019. № 7. С. 5–20. doi: 10.24411/2658-4255-2019-10071.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanasieva Ye.V., Alekseyeva T.A., Sokolova Yu.V., Demchev D.M., Chufarova M.S., Bychenkov Yu.D., Devyatayev O.S. Methodology of ice chart compilation. Rossiyskaya Arktika. Russian Arctic. 2019, 7: 5–20. [In Russian]. doi: 10.24411/2658-4255-2019-10071.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лис Н.А., Чернявская Е.А., Миронов Е.У., Тимохов Л.А., Егорова Е.С. Информативность факторов, формирующих долгопериодные колебания ледовитости отдельных районов Баренцева моря // Российская Арктика. 2023. Т. 5 (2). С. 17–32. doi: 10.24412/2658-4255-2023-2-17-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lis N.A., Cherniavskaia E.A., Mironov E.U., Timokhov L.A., Egorova E.S. Informativeness (information-bearing) of factors forming interannual variability of the Barents Sea and its individual areas ice ice coveren. Rossiyskaya Arktika. Russian Arctic. 2023, 5 (2): 17–32. [In Russian]. doi: 10.24412/2658-4255-2023-2-17-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ледовые термины, расположенные в тематическом порядке. URL: http://old.aari.ru/gdsidb/glossary/r1.htm (дата обращения: 10.04.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ice terms arranged in thematic order. Available at: http://old.aari.ru/gdsidb/glossary/r1.htm (accessed 10.04.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson D.W.J., Wallace J.M. The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields // Geophysical Research Letters. 1998. V. 25. No. 9. P. 1297–1300. doi: 10.1029/98GL00950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson D.W.J., Wallace J.M. The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields. Geophysical Research Letters. 1998, 25 (9): 1297–1300. doi: 10.1029/98GL00950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou S., Miller A.J., Wang J., Angell J.K. Trends of NAO and AO and their associations with stratospheric processes // Geophysical Research Letters. 2001. V. 28. No. 21. P. 4107–4110. doi: 10.1029/2001GL013660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou S., Miller A.J., Wang J., Angell J.K. Trends of NAO and AO and their associations with stratospheric processes. Geophysical Research Letters. 2001, 28 (21): 4107–4110. doi: 10.1029/2001GL013660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu B., Wang J., Walsh J.E. Dipole anomaly in the winter Arctic atmosphere and its association with sea ice motion // Journal of Climate. 2006. V. 19. No. 2. P. 210–225. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3619.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu B., Wang J., Walsh J.E. Dipole anomaly in the winter Arctic atmosphere and its association with sea ice motion. Journal of Climate. 2006, 19 (2): 210–225. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3619.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janout M.A., Holemann J., Timokhov L., Gutjahr O., Heinemann G. Circulation in the northwest Laptev Sea in the eastern Arctic Ocean: Crossroads between Siberian River water, Atlantic water and polynya‐formed dense water // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 2017. V. 122. No. 8. P. 6630–6647. doi: 10.1002/2017JC013159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janout M.A., Holemann J., Timokhov L., Gutjahr O., Heinemann G. Circulation in the northwest Laptev Sea in the eastern Arctic Ocean: Crossroads between Siberian River water, Atlantic water and polynya‐formed dense water. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 2017, 122 (8): 6630–6647. doi: 10.1002/2017JC013159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnston A.G., Livezey R.E. Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns // Monthly Weather Review. 1987. V. 115. No. 6. P. 1083–1126. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115&lt;1083:CSAPOL&gt;2.0.CO;2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnston A.G., Livezey R.E. Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Monthly Weather Review. 1987, 115 (6): 1083–1126. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115&lt;1083:CSAPOL&gt;2.0.CO;2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldenberg S.B., Landsea C.W., Mestas-Nuñez A.M., Gray W.M. The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications // Science. 2001. V. 293. No. 5529. P. 474–479. doi: 10.1126/science.1060040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldenberg S.B., Landsea C.W., Mestas-Nuñez A.M., Gray W.M. The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications. Science. 2001, 293 (5529): 474–479. doi: 10.1126/science.1060040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нестеров Е.С. Североатлантическое колебание: атмосфера и океан. М.: Триада ЛТД, 2013. 144 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesterov E.S. Severoatlanticheskoe kolebanie: atmosfera i okean. North Atlantic oscillation: atmosphere and ocean. Moscow: Triada LTD, 2013: 144 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climate Monitoring. URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/climate-monitoring/#all (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration website. Available at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/climate-monitoring/#all (accessed 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Библиотека климатических данных Колумбийского университета. URL: http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Columbia University Climate Data Library. Available at: http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu (accessed 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малинин В.Н., Гордеева С.М. Физико-статистический метод прогноза океанологических характеристик (на примере Северо-Европейского бассейна). Мурманск: ПИНРО, 2003. 129 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malinin V.N., Gordeeva S.M. Fiziko-statisticheskij metod prognoza okeanologicheskikh kharakteristik (na primere Severo-Evropejskogo bassejna). Physical and statistical method for forecasting oceanological characteristics (on the example of the North European Basin). Murmansk: PINRO, 2003: 129 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwok R. Outflow of Arctic Ocean sea ice into the Greenland and Barents Seas // Journal of Climate. 2009. V. 22. No. 9. P. 2438–2457. doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2819.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwok R. Outflow of Arctic Ocean sea ice into the Greenland and Barents Seas. Journal of Climate. 2009, 22 (9): 2438–2457. doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2819.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егорова Е.С., Миронов Е.У., Ильющенкова И.А. Сезонные и межгодовые изменения ледообмена Гренландского и Баренцева морей с соседними акваториями // Океанологические исследования: Материалы Х конференции молодых ученых. Владивосток: ТОИ ДВО РАН, 2023. С. 20–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorova E.S., Mironov Ye.U., Il’yushchenkova I.A. Seasonal and interannual variations in in Arctic ice outflow on sea ice in the Barents Sea. Oceanological Research: Proceedings of the X Conference of Young Scientists. Vladivostok: TOI DVO RAN, 2023: 20–21. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Snow and Ice Data Center Polar Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 4. URL: https://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0116/versions/4 (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Snow and Ice Data Center Polar Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 4. Available at: https://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0116/versions/4 (accessed 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Snow and Ice Data Center Quicklook Arctic Weekly EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 1. URL: https://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0748/versions/1 (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Snow and Ice Data Center Quicklook Arctic Weekly EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 1. Available at: https://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0748/versions/1 (accessed 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tschudi M.A., Meier W.N., Stewart J.S. An enhancement to sea ice motion and age products at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) // The Cryosphere. 2020. V. 14. P. 1519–1536. doi: 10.5194/tc-14-1519-2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tschudi M.A., Meier W.N., Stewart J.S. An enhancement to sea ice motion and age products at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). The Cryosphere. 2020, 14: 1519–1536. doi: 10.5194/tc-14-1519-2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вязигина Н.А., Тимохов Л.А., Егорова Е.С., Юлин А.В. Информативность гидрометеорологических и астрогеофизических факторов в задаче описания межгодовых колебаний ледовитости Гренландского моря // Лед и Снег. 2021. Т. 61. № 3. С. 431–444. doi: 10.31857/S2076673421030099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viazigina N.A., Timokhov L.A., Egorova E.S., Yulin A.V. Informativeness (information-bearing) of hydrometeorological and astrogeophysical factors in the problem of describing interannual fluctuations of the Greenland Sea ice coverage. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow. 2021, 61 (3): 431–444. [In Russian]. doi: 10.31857/S2076673421030099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов В.В., Алексеев В.А., Алексеева Т.А., Колдунов Н.В., Репина И.А., Смирнов А.В. Арктический ледяной покров становится сезонным? // Исследования Земли из космоса. 2013. Т. 4. C. 50–65. doi: 10.7868/S0205961413040076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov V.V., Alekseev V.A., Alekseeva T.A., Koldunov N.V., Repina I.A., Smirnov A.V. Is the Arctic ice sheet becoming seasonal? Issledovanie Zemli iz kosmosa. Exploration of the Earth from space. 2013, 4: 50–65. [In Russian]. doi: 10.7868/S0205961413040076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe E., Wang J., Sumi A., Hasumi H. Arctic dipole anomaly and its contribution to sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean in the 20th century // Geophysical Research Letters. 2006. V. 33. No. 23. L23703. doi: 10.1029/2006GL028112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe E., Wang J., Sumi A., Hasumi H. Arctic dipole anomaly and its contribution to sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean in the 20th century. Geophysical Research Letters. 2006, 33 (23): L23703. doi: 10.1029/2006GL028112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
