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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-3-310-330</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОКЕАНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCEANOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка многолетней изменчивости толщины припая в морях Российской Арктики по данным полярных станций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimation of fast ice thickness multiyear variability in the Russian Arctic seas according to polar stations data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna B. Timofeeva</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tianna@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаратунова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharatunova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Sharatunova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>У. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>U. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Uliana V. Prokhorova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>310</fpage><lpage>330</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимофеева А.Б., Шаратунова М.В., Прохорова У.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимофеева А.Б., Шаратунова М.В., Прохорова У.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timofeeva A.B., Sharatunova M.V., Prokhorova U.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/545">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/545</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе проанализированы ряды данных по толщине припая и приземной температуре воздуха (ПТВ) наземных полярных гидрометеорологических станций, расположенных на побережье Российской Арктики. Проведено сравнение данных наблюдений за современный 15-летний период (2005–2020 гг.) с данными наблюдений до 2004 г. (с 1930–1940-х гг.). В результате выявлено, что с 2005 г. толщина припая на момент максимального развития уменьшилась на 13 % в Карском море, на 9 % в Восточно-Сибирском море, на 5 % в морях Лаптевых и Чукотском. Процесс нарастания стал значительно медленнее, а переход между возрастными градациями сместился на 1–2 декады на более поздний срок. С 2005 г. температура воздуха повысилась в среднем на 2,7 °C, при этом наибольший вклад в это вносит осенний период (октябрь–декабрь), а наименьшая разница по сравнению с предыдущими десятилетиями наблюдается в летние месяцы. Поскольку приземная температура воздуха является одним из определяющих факторов нарастания толщины льда, в работе рассмотрена ее корреляция с суммой градусо-дней мороза (СГДМ). В среднем по станциям СГДМ снизилась на 14 %; все рассматриваемые 15 зимних сезонов с 2005 г. можно классифицировать как мягкие, ни на одной из станций зимы не соответствовали критериям суровой или умеренной. Повторяемость мягких зим увеличилась на 36–95 % по станциям. Снижение СГДМ хорошо согласуется с изменениями среднесезонных значений (за ноябрь–май) и максимальных значений толщины припайного льда на станциях. В заключение следует отметить, что исследуемый 15-летний период (2005–2020 гг.) отличается самыми мягкими условиями за всю историю наблюдений на полярных станциях российских арктических морей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The warming process in the Arctic steadily continues and significantly affects the entire regime of sea ice cover development. Most of the sea ice thickness studies are based on numerical modeling and information obtained using satellite radar altimetry such that these estimations require validation by means of contact measurements. However, the comparison of data is difficult due to the irregularity and locality of measurements. This makes contact measurements at polar stations highly relevant. In this study, contact measurements were carried out by drilling for each 10-day period during winter season, they are quite accurate and have a long observations series in the same regime conditions from year to year, allowing one to assess the long-term variability of fast ice thickness. In this study, we analyzed the data series of the fast ice thickness and the surface air temperature at 16 Roshydromet land-based polar stations in the Russian Arctic Seas. The data series were taken into account from the beginning of regular measurements (the end of the 1930s, the year of the beginning varies depending on the station) to 2020 for the period November–May. Observations for the recent 15-year period (2005–2020) are compared with those prior to 2004 (from the 1930s–40s). Since 2005 sea ice thicknesses at the moment of maximum development (maximum sea ice thickness) have decreased by 13 % in the Kara Sea, by 9 % in East Siberian Sea, by 5 % in the Laptev and Chukchi Seas in comparison with the previous period. The sea ice thickness development process has become much slower, transition between the sequential stages of development is shifted by 10–20 days (in some points 30–40 days) later. The surface air temperature is on average 2,7 °C higher than for the previous period at all sea stations. The most significant changes (1.4–6.1 °C) are observed in the autumn season (October–December), all the stations show the lowest difference in the summer months. Averaged over the stations, the sum of the frost degree-days (SFDD) decreased by 14 %; all 15 recent winter seasons can be classified as mild and none of the stations has experienced winters that meet the criteria of severe winter. The frequency of mild winters increased by 36–95 % by stations. The SFDD decline is in good agreement with the changes of the mean seasonal (November-May) and maximum SIT at the stations. In conclusion, it is noteworthy that the recent 15-year period (2005–2020) is distinguished by the mildest conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>арктические моря</kwd><kwd>максимальная толщина льда</kwd><kwd>полярные станции</kwd><kwd>припай</kwd><kwd>сумма градусо-дней мороза</kwd><kwd>толщина морского льда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arctic seas</kwd><kwd>fast ice</kwd><kwd>ice thickness</kwd><kwd>polar stations</kwd><kwd>sum of frost degree-days</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках программы ЦНТП № 5.1.2. Развитие существующих и разработка новых методов и технологий долгосрочного (месячного и сезонного) прогнозирования элементов ледово-гидрологического режима арктических морей, низовьев и устьевых областей рек в условиях климатических изменений. Авторы признательны заведующему отделом ледового режима и прогнозов Е.У. Миронову за помощь при подготовке статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of section 5.1.2 Development of existing and new methods and technologies for long-term (monthly and seasonal) forecasting of the ice-hydrological regime elements of the Arctic seas, down the rivers and estuaries in the climate change conditions. The authors are grateful to E.U. Mironov, Head of the Department of Ice Regime and Forecasts, for help in preparing the article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comiso J.J. Large decadal decline of the arctic multiyear ice cover // J. Clim. 2012. V. 25. P. 1176–1193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comiso J.J. Large decadal decline of the arctic multiyear ice cover. J. 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