aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-3-374-385aari-549Research ArticleГЛЯЦИОЛОГИЯ И КРИОЛОГИЯGLACIOLOGY AND CRYOLOGY OF THE EARTHИзменение температуры в Центральной Антарктиде после крупных вулканических извержений во втором тысячелетии нашей эрыTemperature shifts in Central Antarctica after major volcanic eruptions in the second millennium of the Common EraЕкайкинА. А.EkaykinA. A.

Санкт-Петербург

Alexey A. Ekaykin

St. Petersburg

ekaykin@aari.ruВересА. Н.VeresA. N.

Санкт-Петербург

Arina N. Veres

St. Petersburg

ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институтРоссияState Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research InstituteRussian Federation202302102023693374385Copyright © Екайкин А.А., Верес А.Н., 20232023Екайкин А.А., Верес А.Н.Ekaykin A.A., Veres A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/549

Вулканическая активность является одним из важнейших факторов естественной климатической изменчивости позднего голоцена до начала индустриальной эпохи. Влияние вулканов на климат изучается в основном по дендрохронологическим записям Северного полушария, тогда как о влиянии крупных извержений на температуру воздуха в полярных широтах Южного полушария известно существенно меньше. В настоящей работе использованы данные по изотопному составу (δ18O и δD) из 4 фирновых кернов для изучения изменения температуры в Центральной Антарктиде (окрестностях станции Восток) после 5 крупных извержений второго тысячелетия нашей эры: Самалас (1257 г.), Неизвестное Событие (1459 г.), Уайнапутина (1600 г.), Паркер (1641 г.) и Тамбора (1815 г.). Показано, что похолодание после извержения составляет около 0,52 °C и длится около 5 лет, при этом температура в источнике влаги снижается в меньшей степени (0,46 °С), но холодный период длится дольше.

Volcanic forcing is one of the major drivers of climatic variability on Earth during the last millennium before the beginning of the industrial era, combined with solar activity, Milanković orbital forcing and greenhouse gas concentration. Large volcanic eruptions (with Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6 or more) eject a huge amount of sulfur dioxide into stratosphere thus reducing the amount of incoming solar radiation. The corresponding cooling may exceed 1 °C and lasts about 5 years. The identification of the volcanic events is carried out with the use of firn and ice core data drilled in the polar ice sheets, while the climatic response to the eruptions is studied with the use of dendrochronology and other terrestrial data, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, the reaction of the Southern Hemisphere’s climate to the volcanic forcing is understood to a lesser extent. Here we use stable water isotope data (δ18O and dxs parameter, dxs = δD – 8 · δ18O) from 4 firn cores in order to study the temperature change in central Antarctica (in the vicinity of Vostok Station) after 5 major eruptions of the 2nd millennium of the Common Era: Samalas (1257), Unknown Event 1459 CE, Huaynaputina (1600), Parker (1641) and Tambora (1815). The isotopic composition of the cores was measured in the Climate and Environmental Research Laboratory of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (St. Petersburg) with the use of Picarro L2130-i and L2140-i laser analyzers. We show that a post-eruption cooling in central East Antarctica is about 0.52 °C and lasts for about 5 years. At the same time, the temperature in the moisture source decreases to a lesser extent (0.46 °C), but the cooling lasts longer. We need to emphasize that only through using 4 parallel cores was it possible to significantly reduce the amount of the “deposition noise” in the isotopic records and detect the post-volcanic cooling in central East Antarctica.

Антарктикавулканический форсингизотопы водыстанция Востоктемпература воздухаair temperatureAntarcticavolcanic forcingVostok stationwater isotopesИсследование выполнено в рамках проекта 21-17-00246 Российского научного фонда. Авторы благодарят Российскую антарктическую экспедицию за логистическое обеспечение научных исследований в районе станции Восток. Мы также признательны сотрудникам Санкт-Петербургского горного университета и лично А.В. Большунову за предоставление керна VK22AB. Мы благодарны редакции журнала, а также двум анонимным рецензентам за конструктивные замечания, которые позволили существенно улучшить статью.This study has been completed with the financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, grant 21-17-00246. The authors thank the Russian Antarctic Expedition for the logistical support of the research activity in the vicinity of Vostok. We are grateful to our colleagues from St. Petersburg Mining University, and personally to Dr. A.V. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.