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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2024-70-4-525-540</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕДОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ICE TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Main aspects of constructing snow foundations for the new buildings of the Russian Vostok Station, East Antarctica</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main aspects of constructing snow foundations for the new buildings of the Russian Vostok Station, East Antarctica</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Polyakov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poliakov@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-8658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Popov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Klepikov</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klepikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Klepikov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Полярная морская геологоразведочная экспедиция»; Институт наук о Земле СПбГУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition (PMGE); Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск Исследования подледникового озера Восток</issue-title><fpage>525</fpage><lpage>540</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Polyakov S.P., Popov S.V., Klepikov А.V., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Polyakov S.P., Popov S.V., Klepikov А.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakov S.P., Popov S.V., Klepikov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/669">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/669</self-uri><abstract><p>Имеющиеся на сегодняшний день корпуса российской станции Восток (Восточная Антарктида) начали эксплуатироваться в 1963 г. и уже многие годы находятся под снегом. В связи с обширными планами по изучению подледникового озера Восток было принято решение о возведении нового зимовочного комплекса. Поскольку в районе строительства имеется мощная снежно-фирновая толща, установка комплекса требует наличия твердого фундамента. Его размеры, исходя из конфигурации нового зимовочного комплекса, составляют 200×120 м. Строительство фундамента было решено осуществлять путем послойного уплотнения снега. Исходя из ориентировочного веса комплекса в 2500 тонн, времени его эксплуатации около 30 лет и предполагаемого давления опор станции на снежный покров в 100 кПа, плита фундамента должна иметь плотность не менее 550 кг/м³, твердость покрытия более 0,5 МПа. При создании метода ее формирования за основу была принята методика послойного уплотнения снега, разработанная для строительства снежных аэродромов на глубоком снегу, пригодных для приема тяжелых самолетов на колесном шасси. Экспериментальное уплотнение снега осуществлялось с помощью гусениц различных тягачей, после чего выполнялись штамповые испытания снежных поверхностей с различными исходными характеристиками снега. Оценка несущей способности фундамента осуществлялась методом расчета вертикальных механических напряжений на его нижней поверхности, образующихся от давления опор станции. Оценка прочностных характеристик снега производилась как прямыми измерениями по методу Бринелля, так и с помощью механического пресса по отобранным образцам и пенетрометром. В конечном итоге плотность снежных слоев в верхней части фундамента достигла 650 кг/м³. В общей сложности, помимо базового слоя, было сформировано еще 9 дополнительных слоев. Первые восемь — летом 2019/20 г., а последний — в январе 2022 г. Общая толщина фундамента превысила 3 метра. При нанесении снежных слоев осуществлялся геодезический контроль за их толщиной и горизонтальностью. Разброс неровности высоты самой поверхности фундамента не превышал 10 см. Для экономии времени и более эффективного использования техники его поверхность на первом этапе строительства делилась на две равные части размером 200×60 м. На одной из площадок фундамента проводилось уплотнение нанесенного снежного слоя, а на другой, уже уплотненной, наносился очередной снежный слой. По окончании его строительства среднее превышение поверхности относительно естественного снежного покрова составило 210 см. Исходя из скорости аккумуляции снега, а также погружения опор станции и фундамента в снежную толщу, поверхность нижней части опор станции сравняется с уровнем естественного снежного покрова примерно через 30 лет. Фактическое среднее погружение плиты фундамента за два года в снежную толщу составило около 8 см, что неплохо согласуется с теоретическими расчетами. Таким образом, новые корпуса станции Восток удовлетворительно просуществуют на протяжении по крайней мере тридцати лет, а с учетом того, что высоты самих ее опор составляют 4 метра, значительно дольше.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present buildings of the Russian station Vostok (East Antarctica) began to operate in 1963 and have been under snow for many years. In connection with the extensive plans to study the subglacial Lake Vostok, it was decided to build a new wintering complex. Since there is a thick snow-firn layer in the construction area, the building of the complex requires solid foundations measuring 200×120 m. It was decided to build them by means of layer-by-layer snow compaction. Based on the approximate weight of the complex of 2500 tons, its operation time of about 30 years, and the estimated pressure of the station supports on the snow cover of 100 kPa, the foundations slab must have a density of at least 550 kg/m³, and the hardness of the coating of more than 0.5 MPa. In developing the methodology of constructing the slab for the new wintering complex, the method of layer-by-layer snow compaction was taken as the basis, developed for the construction of airfields on deep snow and suitable for taking heavy aircraft on wheeled landing gear. Experimental snow compaction was carried out using various caterpillar tracks, after which stamp tests of snow surfaces with different initial snow characteristics were performed. The bearing capacity of the foundations was assessed by calculating the vertical mechanical stresses on their lower surface, which are formed by the pressure of the station supports. The strength characteristics of the snow were assessed by direct measurements using the Brinell method and with the help of a mechanical press based on the samples taken and a penetrometer. Ultimately, the density of the snow layers in the upper part of the foundations reached 650 kg/m³. In addition to the base layer, 9 additional layers were formed. The first eight were formed in the summer of 2019/20, and the last one in January 2022. The total thickness of the foundations exceeded 3 metres. Upon their construction, the average surface excess relative to the natural snow cover was 210 cm. Based on the rate of snow accumulation, as well as the subsidence of the station supports and foundations into the snow mass, the foundations surface will equal the level of natural snow cover in approximately 30 years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>станция Восток</kwd><kwd>новый зимовочный комплекс</kwd><kwd>методика уплотнения снега</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vostok Station</kwd><kwd>new wintering buildings</kwd><kwd>snow compaction technique</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках научного проекта № 22-27-00266 «Разработка математической модели развития ледникового покрова с последующим применением для описания субгляциальных гидрологических процессов в районе подледникового озера Восток, Восточная Антарктида»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation Project No. 22-27-00266, “Development of a mathematical model of the ice sheet evolution and its application to study subglacial hydrological processes in the Lake Vostok area, East Antarctica”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasiliev N.I., Talalay P.G., Bobin N.E., Chistyakov V.K., Zubkov V.M., Krasilev A.V., Dmitriev A.N., Yankilevich S.V., Lipenkov V.Y. 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