aariПроблемы Арктики и АнтарктикиArctic and Antarctic Research0555-26482618-6713Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт10.30758/0555-2648-2024-70-4-541-553aari-670Research ArticleЛЕДОТЕХНИКАICE TECHNOLOGYConceptual project of a center for testing technologies and technical devices for glacier drillingConceptual project of a center for testing technologies and technical devices for glacier drillinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-0978IgnatevS. А.IgnatevS. A.

Санкт-Петербург

Sergei A. Ignatev

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-7380BolshunovА. V.BolshunovA. V.

Санкт-Петербург

Alexey V. Bolshunov

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-1248ShishkinE. V.ShishkinE. V.

Санкт-Петербург

Evgenii V. Shishkin

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-1859RakitinI. V.RakitinI. V.

Санкт-Петербург

Ilya V. Rakitin

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-3950KadochnikovV. G.KadochnikovV. G.

Санкт-Петербург

Viacheslav G. Kadochnikov

St. Petersburg

kadochnikov_vg@pers.spmi.ruKlimovV. Ya.KlimovV. Ya.

Санкт-Петербург

Vladimir Ya. Klimov

St. Petersburg

Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины IIРоссияEmpress Catherine II Saint-Petersburg Mining UniversityRussian Federation202421122024704Специальный выпуск Исследования подледникового озера Восток541553Copyright © Ignatev S.А., Bolshunov А.V., Shishkin E.V., Rakitin I.V., Kadochnikov V.G., Klimov V.Y., 20242024Ignatev S.А., Bolshunov А.V., Shishkin E.V., Rakitin I.V., Kadochnikov V.G., Klimov V.Y.Ignatev S.A., Bolshunov A.V., Shishkin E.V., Rakitin I.V., Kadochnikov V.G., Klimov V.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/670

Реализация буровых проектов в Антарктиде требует проведения комплексных научно-исследовательских работ, направленных на изучение процессов, протекающих при бурении ледников. Важную роль в данных исследованиях играют экспериментальные стенды с искусственным ледовым массивом.

В результате проведенного обзора было установлено, что в большинстве случаев экспериментальные стенды и сооружения имеют ограничения в габаритах и функциональных возможностях и не могут воспроизвести реальных условий эксплуатации (низкие температуры, высокое давление, физико-механические свойства атмосферного льда) разрабатываемого уникального оборудования. Начало эксплуатации оборудования без проведения испытаний в реальных скважинных условиях повышает риски возникновения осложнений и аварий в процессе работ, вызванных недостатками в конструкции оборудования. Данные недостатки могут быть обнаружены только при проведении буровых работ непосредственно в Антарктиде, что может отрицательно сказаться на сроках реализации научно-исследовательских проектов.

Решением обозначенной проблемы является выстраивание новой последовательности испытаний работоспособности скважинного оборудования для условий Антарктиды:

1)           Апробация концептуальных решений для технологий и технических средств в рамках малых экспериментальных стендов с использованием ледяных блоков.

2)           Испытание полноразмерных рабочих прототипов в условиях ледяных скважин, на базе учебнонаучного полигона «Саблино» Санкт-Петербургского горного университета (Ленинградская область, Россия). Конструкция скважин и их технологические возможности разработаны с учетом достоинств и недостатков предшествующих проектов. Климатические камеры, в которых расположены скважины, рассчитаны на регулирование температур в скважине в диапазоне от –2 °С до –70 °С. Предложенное в работе экспериментальное сооружение позволит проводить широкий комплекс испытаний оборудования для полярных условий.

3)           Предварительные испытания оборудования в скважинных условиях на базе модернизированного бурового комплекса им. Б.Б. Кудряшова на станции Восток, Антарктида. Испытание разработанного оборудования в условиях скважины 5Г позволит оценить работу устройств в реальных условиях перед их внедрением в рабочую эксплуатацию.

Данный комплекс средств по испытанию оборудования будет способствовать решению множества научных и практических задач, связанных не только с исследованиями в Антарктиде, но и проектами, реализуемыми в арктических регионах.

The implementation of drilling projects in Antarctica requires comprehensive research and development work to study the processes of interaction between drilling equipment and ice and test devices designed for ice drilling. Testing facilities with artificial ice are essential for conducting this type of research. The article presents an analysis of the existing experimental stand projects, which identified a common drawback — inability to recreate a structure of atmospheric ice and thermobaric conditions similar to those in boreholes drilled in Antarctica. The authors propose the conceptual project of a сenter for testing technologies and technical devices for glacier drilling. The сenter is to be located on two sites: the first — on the “Sablino” educational and scientific testing ground of Saint-Petersburg Mining University in the Leningrad Region (Russia), the second — at the drilling complex of 5G borehole at Vostok station in Antarctica. The implementation of the project will allow conducting experimental research and testing, using both shallow artificial ice wells and deep boreholes in the Antarctic glacier. In addition, it will allow maintaining the drilling complex and 5G borehole in a good technical condition.

Антарктидабурение ледниковбуровые технологии и оборудованиеледяные скважиныскважина 5Гэкспериментальный стендAntarcticaartificial ice boreholeborehole 5Gdrilling processdrilling technologies and equipmenttesting centerИсследование выполнено с помощью субсидии на выполнение Государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности на 2024 г. № FSRW2024-0003The research was performed with the funding of the subsidy for the state assignment in the field of scientific activity for 2024 № FSRW-2024-0003ReferencesBarkov N.I. The first borehole at Vostok station. Ice and Snow. 2012;4(120):8–11.Barkov N.I. The first borehole at Vostok station. Ice and Snow. 2012;4(120):8–11.Ekaykin A.A., Lipenkov V.Ya., Veres A.N., Kozachek A.V., Skakun A.A. On the possibility to restore the climatic signal in the disturbed record of stable water isotope content in the old (0.4–1.2 Ma) Vostok ice (Central Antarctica). Ice and Snow. 2019;59(4):437–451. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-4-463Ekaykin A.A., Lipenkov V.Ya., Veres A.N., Kozachek A.V., Skakun A.A. On the possibility to restore the climatic signal in the disturbed record of stable water isotope content in the old (0.4–1.2 Ma) Vostok ice (Central Antarctica). Ice and Snow. 2019;59(4):437–451. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-4-463Ekaykin A.A., Lipenkov V.Y., Tchikhatchev K.B. Preservation of the climatic signal in the old ice layers at Dome B area (Antarctica). Ice and Snow. 2021;61(1):5–13. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673421010067Ekaykin A.A., Lipenkov V.Y., Tchikhatchev K.B. Preservation of the climatic signal in the old ice layers at Dome B area (Antarctica). Ice and Snow. 2021;61(1):5–13. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673421010067Siegert M.J., Clarke R.J., Mowlem M.C., Ross N., Hill C.S., Tait A., Hodgson D.A., Parnell J., Tranter M., Pearce D.A., Bentley M.J., Cockell C.S., Tsaloglou M., Smith A.M., Woodward J., Brito M.P., Waugh E.M. Clean access, measurement, and sampling of Ellsworth Subglacial Lake: A method for exploring deep Antarctic subglacial lake environments. Reviews of Geophysics. 2012;50:1–40. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000361Siegert M.J., Clarke R.J., Mowlem M.C., Ross N., Hill C.S., Tait A., Hodgson D.A., Parnell J., Tranter M., Pearce D.A., Bentley M.J., Cockell C.S., Tsaloglou M., Smith A.M., Woodward J., Brito M.P., Waugh E.M. Clean access, measurement, and sampling of Ellsworth Subglacial Lake: A method for exploring deep Antarctic subglacial lake environments. Reviews of Geophysics. 2012;50:1–40. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000361Bulat S.A., Marie D., Petit J. Prospects for life in the subglacial lake Vostok, East Antarctica. Ice and Snow. 2012;52(4):92–96. https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96Bulat S.A., Marie D., Petit J. Prospects for life in the subglacial lake Vostok, East Antarctica. Ice and Snow. 2012;52(4):92–96. https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96Siegert M.J., Priscu J.C., Alekhina I.A., Wadham J.L., Lyons W.B. Antarctic subglacial lake exploration: first results and future plans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 2016;374:20140466. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0466Siegert M.J., Priscu J.C., Alekhina I.A., Wadham J.L., Lyons W.B. Antarctic subglacial lake exploration: first results and future plans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 2016;374:20140466. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0466Litvinenko V.S. Unique engineering and technology for drilling boreholes in Antarctic ice. Journal of Mining Institute. 2014;210:5–10. (In Russ.)Litvinenko V.S. Unique engineering and technology for drilling boreholes in Antarctic ice. Journal of Mining Institute. 2014;210:5–10. (In Russ.)Litvinenko V.S., Vasiliev N.I., Lipenkov V.Y., Dmitriev A.N., Podoliak, A.V. Special aspects of ice drilling and results of 5G hole drilling at Vostok station, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology. 2014;55(68):173–178. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A040.Litvinenko V.S., Vasiliev N.I., Lipenkov V.Y., Dmitriev A.N., Podoliak, A.V. Special aspects of ice drilling and results of 5G hole drilling at Vostok station, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology. 2014;55(68):173–178. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A040.Vasilev N.I., Dmitriev A.N., Lipenkov V.Y. Results of the 5G borehole drilling at Russian antarctic station Vostok and researches of ice cores. Journal of Mining Institute. 2016;218: 161–171. (In Russ.)Vasilev N.I., Dmitriev A.N., Lipenkov V.Y. Results of the 5G borehole drilling at Russian antarctic station Vostok and researches of ice cores. Journal of Mining Institute. 2016;218: 161–171. (In Russ.)Vasilev N.I., Lipenkov V.Y., Dmitriev A.N., Podolyak A.V., Zubkov V.M. Results and characteristics of 5G hole drilling and the first tapping of Lake Vostok. Ice and Snow. 2012;52(4):12–20. https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-12-20Vasilev N.I., Lipenkov V.Y., Dmitriev A.N., Podolyak A.V., Zubkov V.M. Results and characteristics of 5G hole drilling and the first tapping of Lake Vostok. Ice and Snow. 2012;52(4):12–20. https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-12-20Serbin D.V., Dmitriev A.N., Vasiliev N.I. Device for fusion drilling with simultaneous or followup reaming of wells in ice. Earth sciences and subsoil use. 2021;44(3):333–343. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-3-333-343Serbin D.V., Dmitriev A.N., Vasiliev N.I. Device for fusion drilling with simultaneous or followup reaming of wells in ice. Earth sciences and subsoil use. 2021;44(3):333–343. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-3-333-343Litvinenko V.S., Vasilev N.I. Rock-destroying tool development for ice well drilling. Journal of Mining Institute. 2012;197:15–20. (In Russ.)Litvinenko V.S., Vasilev N.I. Rock-destroying tool development for ice well drilling. Journal of Mining Institute. 2012;197:15–20. (In Russ.)Talalay P. Mechanical Ice Drilling Technology. Singapore: Springer; 2016. 284 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0560-2Talalay P. Mechanical Ice Drilling Technology. Singapore: Springer; 2016. 284 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0560-2Bolshunov A.V., Vasilev D.A., Dmitriev A.N., Ignatev S.A., Kadochnikov V.G., Krikun N.S., Serbin D.V., Shadrin V.S. Results of complex experimental studies at Vostok station in Antarctica. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023;263:724–741.Bolshunov A.V., Vasilev D.A., Dmitriev A.N., Ignatev S.A., Kadochnikov V.G., Krikun N.S., Serbin D.V., Shadrin V.S. Results of complex experimental studies at Vostok station in Antarctica. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023;263:724–741.Serbin D.V., Dmitriev A.N. Experimental research on the thermal method of drilling by melting the well in ice mass with simultaneous controlled expansion of its diameter. Journal of Mining Institute. 2022;257:833–842. https://doi.org/10.31897/PMI.2022.82Serbin D.V., Dmitriev A.N. Experimental research on the thermal method of drilling by melting the well in ice mass with simultaneous controlled expansion of its diameter. Journal of Mining Institute. 2022;257:833–842. https://doi.org/10.31897/PMI.2022.82Vasiliev N., Talalay P. Investigation of the ice cutting process by the rotary drill. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. 1994;49:132–137.Vasiliev N., Talalay P. Investigation of the ice cutting process by the rotary drill. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. 1994;49:132–137.Tanaka Y., Takahashi A., Fujii Y., Narita H., Shinbori K., Azuma N., Watanabe O. Development of a JARE deep ice core drill system. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. 1993;49:113–123.Tanaka Y., Takahashi A., Fujii Y., Narita H., Shinbori K., Azuma N., Watanabe O. Development of a JARE deep ice core drill system. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. 1993;49:113–123.Narita H., Shinbori K., Kodama Y. An experiment on ice cutting under high liquid pressure and low temperature. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue. 1994;49:124–131.Narita H., Shinbori K., Kodama Y. An experiment on ice cutting under high liquid pressure and low temperature. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue. 1994;49:124–131.Talalay P. Size distribution and shape characteristics of ice cuttings produced by an electromechanical auger drill. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2015;119:204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.012Talalay P. Size distribution and shape characteristics of ice cuttings produced by an electromechanical auger drill. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2015;119:204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.012Weinberg B. Der elektrische Eisbohrer. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde. 1912;6:214–217.Weinberg B. Der elektrische Eisbohrer. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde. 1912;6:214–217.Wang R., Liu A., Sun Y., Cao P., Fan X., Talalay P. Ice drill testing facility. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2017;145:151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.017Wang R., Liu A., Sun Y., Cao P., Fan X., Talalay P. Ice drill testing facility. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2017;145:151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.017Donnou D., Augustin L., Manouvrier A., Perrin J., Girard C., Ricou G. Setting up a deep ice core drilling facility and preliminary tests Terre Adelie Antarctica. In: (eds C. Rado and D. Beaudoing) Ice Core Drilling. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Ice Drilling Technology, Grenoble, October 10–14, 1988. Grenoble; 1988. P. 66–69.Donnou D., Augustin L., Manouvrier A., Perrin J., Girard C., Ricou G. Setting up a deep ice core drilling facility and preliminary tests Terre Adelie Antarctica. In: (eds C. Rado and D. Beaudoing) Ice Core Drilling. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Ice Drilling Technology, Grenoble, October 10–14, 1988. Grenoble; 1988. P. 66–69.Nielson D.L.; Delahunty C., Goodge J.W., Severinghaus J.P. Facility for testing ice drills. Scientific Drilling. 2017;22:29–33. https://doi.org/:10.5194/sd-22-29-2017Nielson D.L.; Delahunty C., Goodge J.W., Severinghaus J.P. Facility for testing ice drills. Scientific Drilling. 2017;22:29–33. https://doi.org/:10.5194/sd-22-29-2017Hong J., Talalay P., Man T., Li Y., Fan X., Li C., Zhang N. Effect of high-pressure sintering on snow density evolution: experiments and results. Journal of Glaciology. 2022; 68(272):1107–1115. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.11Hong J., Talalay P., Man T., Li Y., Fan X., Li C., Zhang N. Effect of high-pressure sintering on snow density evolution: experiments and results. Journal of Glaciology. 2022; 68(272):1107–1115. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.11Gizatullin R., Dvoynikov M., Romanova N., Nikitin V. Drilling in gas hydrates: managing gas appearance risks. Energies. 2023;16(5):2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052387Gizatullin R., Dvoynikov M., Romanova N., Nikitin V. Drilling in gas hydrates: managing gas appearance risks. Energies. 2023;16(5):2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052387Merzliakov M.I., Podoliak A.V. Terms of melting the permafrost when cementing of boreholes plugged with gas-liquid mixtures with hollow microspheres. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2017;12(9):1874–1878.Merzliakov M.I., Podoliak A.V. Terms of melting the permafrost when cementing of boreholes plugged with gas-liquid mixtures with hollow microspheres. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2017;12(9):1874–1878.Dvoinikov M.V., Sidorkin D.A., Zharikova N.Kh., Kupavyh K.S., Bolshunov A.V., Buslaev G.V., Kambulov E.Yu., Morin A.A. Technical and technological solutions for the development of oil and gas fields in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Burenie i Neft = Drilling and Oil. 2022;2:12–17. (In Russ.)Dvoinikov M.V., Sidorkin D.A., Zharikova N.Kh., Kupavyh K.S., Bolshunov A.V., Buslaev G.V., Kambulov E.Yu., Morin A.A. Technical and technological solutions for the development of oil and gas fields in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Burenie i Neft = Drilling and Oil. 2022;2:12–17. (In Russ.)Lavrik A., Buslaev G., Dvoinikov M. Thermal stabilization of permafrost using thermal coils inside foundation piles. Civil Engineering Journal. 2023;9(4):927–938. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-04-013Lavrik A., Buslaev G., Dvoinikov M. Thermal stabilization of permafrost using thermal coils inside foundation piles. Civil Engineering Journal. 2023;9(4):927–938. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-04-013Ekaykin A.A., Tchikhatchev K.B., Veres A.N., Lipenkov V.Ya., Tebenkova N.A., Turkeev A.V. Vertical profile of snow-firn density in the vicinity of Vostok station, Central Antarctica. Ice and Snow. 2022,62(4):504–511. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673422040147Ekaykin A.A., Tchikhatchev K.B., Veres A.N., Lipenkov V.Ya., Tebenkova N.A., Turkeev A.V. Vertical profile of snow-firn density in the vicinity of Vostok station, Central Antarctica. Ice and Snow. 2022,62(4):504–511. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673422040147Neff P.D. A review of the brittle ice zone in polar ice cores. Annals of Glaciology. 2014;55(68):72–82. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A023Neff P.D. A review of the brittle ice zone in polar ice cores. Annals of Glaciology. 2014;55(68):72–82. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A023Leichenkov G.L., Belyavsky B.V., Antonov A.V., Rodionov N.V., Sergeev S.A. First information about the geology of Central Antarctica based on study of mineral inclusions in ice cores of the Vostok station borehole. Doklady Earth Sciences. 2011;440(1):1207–1211.Leichenkov G.L., Belyavsky B.V., Antonov A.V., Rodionov N.V., Sergeev S.A. First information about the geology of Central Antarctica based on study of mineral inclusions in ice cores of the Vostok station borehole. Doklady Earth Sciences. 2011;440(1):1207–1211.Turkeev A.V., Vasilev N.I., Lipenkov V.Ya., Bolshunov A.V., Ekaykin A.A., Dmitriev A.N., Vasilev D.A. Drilling the new 5G-5 branch hole at Vostok Station for collecting a replicate core of old meteoric ice. Annals of Glaciology. 2021;62(85-86),305–310. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.4Turkeev A.V., Vasilev N.I., Lipenkov V.Ya., Bolshunov A.V., Ekaykin A.A., Dmitriev A.N., Vasilev D.A. Drilling the new 5G-5 branch hole at Vostok Station for collecting a replicate core of old meteoric ice. Annals of Glaciology. 2021;62(85-86),305–310. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.4Lipenkov V.Ya., Turkeev A.V., Vasilev N.I., Ekaykin A.A., Poliakova E.V. Melting temperature of ice and total gas content of water at the ice-water interface above subglacial Lake Vostok. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2021;67(4):348–367. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-4-348-367Lipenkov V.Ya., Turkeev A.V., Vasilev N.I., Ekaykin A.A., Poliakova E.V. Melting temperature of ice and total gas content of water at the ice-water interface above subglacial Lake Vostok. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2021;67(4):348–367. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-4-348-367

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.