Тюмень
Roman Yu. Fedorov.
Tyumen
Разработка научно-обоснованных подходов к озеленению городов, построенных в криолитозоне, была обусловлена урбанизацией регионов СССР, находящихся в арктическом и субарктическом климате. На протяжении последних десятилетий актуальность этих подходов возрастает в связи с необходимостью мер, связанных с обеспечением новых стандартов благоустройства и экологического благополучия городов Российской Арктики. Основная цель работы состоит в интегрированном анализе архивных документов и научных публикаций, отражающих эволюцию исследовательских подходов и знаний, связанных с проблемами озеленения городов, построенных в криолитозоне Западной и Центральной Сибири в период с 1930-х гг. до первой четверти XXI в. Сделан вывод о том, что такие факторы, как потепление климата, активное привнесение в урбанизированную среду чужеродных растений и внедрение новых технологий благоустройства северных городов, способствуют росту возможностей для развития их зеленой инфраструктуры. При этом криогенные процессы и характер развития зеленой инфраструктуры в урбанизированной среде имеют высокую степень взаимообусловленности.
The development of research-based approaches to the greening of cities built in the cryolithic zone was caused by the urbanization of USSR regions located in the Arctic and Subarctic climate. Over the past decades, the relevance of these approaches has been increasing due to the need for measures aimed at ensuring new standards of landscaping and environmental well-being of cities in the Russian Arctic. The main aim of this article is an integrated analysis of archival documents and scientific publications reflecting the evolution of research approaches and knowledge pertaining to the problems of greening cities built in the cryolithic zone of Western and Central Siberia in the period from the 1930s to the first quarter of the 21st century. The article describes the first attempts at greening the Arctic cities of Siberia made in the 1930s — 1950s and discusses approaches to zoning the green infrastructure of Arctic cities that have been developed in Russian science. The problems of studying the interaction of permafrost and vegetation in urban areas are analyzed. Based on examples of Siberian cities the paper examines problems of developing green infrastructure during the period of active urbanization of the Russian Arctic in the 1970s — 1980s. A brief overview is given of new approaches to urban greening in the Arctic cities in the first quarter of the 21st century. It is concluded that in recent decades, in most of the cities studied, there has been a trend towards a rise in vegetation characteristics such as NDVI and tree height compared with areas that have been left untouched. Researchers attribute this trend to factors such as regular planting of new trees and shrubs, targeted maintenance of green spaces, as well as the presence of urban heat islands and other favorable microclimatic conditions. It is concluded that such common factors as climate warming, an active introduction of alien plants into the urbanized environment and using new technologies for the improvement of northern cities contribute to the growth of opportunities for the development of the cities’ green infrastructure. At the same time, cryogenic processes and the way green infrastructure is developed in an urbanized environment are largely interdependent.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.