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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2025-71-4-396-411</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-760</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА АТМОСФЕРЫ И ГИДРОСФЕРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальные исследования магнитосферного распространения радиоволн средневолнового диапазона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental studies of medium radio wave propagation in the magnetosphere</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-6546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калишин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalishin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">askalishin@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1752-3273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благовещенская</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagoveshchenskaya</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-5310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7062-6161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1284-8447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мингалева</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mingaleva</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-7907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загорский</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagorskiy</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский инс</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский ин</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>396</fpage><lpage>411</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калишин А.С., Благовещенская Н.Ф., Борисова Т.Д., Егоров И.М., Мингалева А.О., Загорский Г.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калишин А.С., Благовещенская Н.Ф., Борисова Т.Д., Егоров И.М., Мингалева А.О., Загорский Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalishin A.S., Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Borisova T.D., Egorov I.M., Mingaleva А.О., Zagorskiy G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/760">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/760</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований аномального распространения радиоволн средневолнового диапазона. Было обнаружено, что в пункте излучения зондирующего сигнала регистрировались эхо-сигналы с необычно большими временами задержки 310–324 мс. Результаты экспериментов можно объяснить эффектом гидирования — попаданием радиоволны в волноводный канал, ориентированный вдоль силовой линии магнитного поля Земли. В таком канале волна распространяется в магнитосопряженную точку в Южном полушарии и возвращается обратно в пункт излучения, пройдя 93000 км. Выполнен анализ фоновых геофизических условий, и рассмотрены механизмы формирования волнового канала вдоль магнитной силовой линии. Эффект гидирования может иметь прикладное значение для разработки средств наземного мониторинга параметров космической погоды и радиолокационного зондирования околоземного космического пространства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents experimental studies of anomalous propagation of medium radio waves. Radio echo signals with unusually long delay times of 310–324 ms were recorded at the transmitter point of the sounding signal. The experimental results can be explained by the guiding effect, when a radio wave penetrates into a waveguide channel oriented along the Earth's magnetic field line. In this case, the radio wave propagates to the magnetic conjugated point in the southern hemisphere and returns to the transmission point traveling a distance of 93,000 km. The echo signals were recorded with the use of AARI-developed transmitting and receiving measuring equipment that has a minimum radiation power of 1 kW, while in the previous LDE observation experiments the radiation power was 5 and 17 kW. For the first time, echo signals that radiated from the Earth's surface were recorded not at a single fixed frequency, but in a frequency band of 400 kHz, from 2.100 to 2.400 kHz. The noise environment at frequencies below 2.100 kHz did not allow us to determine the lower boundary of the channel. Analysis of the background geophysical conditions was performed. It was shown that the long delayed echo (LDE) signals were observed under disturbed magnetic conditions (the planetary magnetic index Kp = 4+) in evening hours. The echo signal frequencies exceeded the critical frequencies of the ionosphere at the transmitter point and were less than the critical frequencies at the magnetically conjugate point. A distinctive feature seen from the CADI ionograms was the presence of the F3S layer, which is the main signature of the development of a subauroral polarization stream (SPS) near the station's zenith. Swarm satellite observations revealed that the Gorkovskaya observatory was located at the bottom of the main ionospheric trough (MIT), near its equatorial boundary. The projection of the plasmapause was also located at the MIT bottom, between its polar boundary and Gorkovskaya. Plausible mechanisms for the creation of a waveguide along the magnetic field line were considered. The guiding effect may find practical significance in the development of means and methods for ground-based monitoring of space weather parameters, as well as radar sounding of the near-Earth space.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>средние волны</kwd><kwd>радиоэхо</kwd><kwd>ионосфера</kwd><kwd>магнитосфера</kwd><kwd>плазмопауза</kwd><kwd>главный ионосферный провал</kwd><kwd>геомагнитные возмущения</kwd><kwd>магнитные силовые линии</kwd><kwd>магнитосопряженная точка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medium radio-waves</kwd><kwd>long-delay echoes</kwd><kwd>ionosphere</kwd><kwd>magnetosphere</kwd><kwd>plasmapause</kwd><kwd>main ionospheric trough</kwd><kwd>geomagnetic disturbances</kwd><kwd>magnetic field line</kwd><kwd>magnetic conjugated point</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-27-00248, https://rscf.ru/project/24-27-00248/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation was carried out within grant № 24-27-00248 from the Russian Scientific Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/24-27-00248/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шлионский А.Г. 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