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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2025-71-4-412-427</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-761</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЯ И КЛИМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Процессы сезонного протаивания грунта на архипелаге Северная Земля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Seasonal soil thawing processes on the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-9133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макштас</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makshtas</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksh@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-1427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-685X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махотина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhotina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1750-7903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богородский</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogorodsky</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>412</fpage><lpage>427</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макштас А.П., Сидорова О.Р., Махотина И.А., Богородский П.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макштас А.П., Сидорова О.Р., Махотина И.А., Богородский П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makshtas A.P., Sidorova O.R., Makhotina I.A., Bogorodsky P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/761">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/761</self-uri><abstract><p>Происходящее в последние годы потепление Арктики обусловливает деградацию вечной мерзлоты, поступление в атмосферу парниковых газов, образующихся при разложении ранее мерзлого органического вещества, увеличение площади и разнообразия растительного покрова, уменьшение несущей способности вечномерзлых грунтов. В этой связи особый интерес вызывает эволюция сезонно-талого слоя грунта (СТС). В статье рассмотрены особенности процессов сезонного протаивания СТС в северной части о. Большевик (арх. Северная Земля). Описаны особенности динамики глубины сезонно-талого слоя по данным комплексных наблюдений, выполненных в 2016–2020 гг. Проанализирована роль уменьшения альбедо подстилающей поверхности вследствие кратковременных вторжений теплых воздушных масс как триггера, приводящего к интенсификации процессов таяния. С помощью модели, реализующей алгоритм Лейбензона, получены и валидированы по данным наблюдений оценки сезонной изменчивости толщины СТС в зависимости от используемого форсинга и характеристик растительного покрова. Предложенный подход может быть использован для оценок СТС по данным дистанционных измерений температуры подстилающей поверхности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The recent warming of the Arctic causes degradation of permafrost, release of greenhouse gases due to the decomposition of previously frozen organic matter, increase in the area and diversity of vegetation, and decrease of in the bearing capacity of permafrost soils. In this regard, the evolution of the seasonally thawed soil layer is of particular interest. The paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of energy exchange processes in the atmospheric surface layer and the upper layer of permafrost, carried out in 2016–2020 at the Research Station “Ice Base Mys Baranova” (Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago), supplemented by the results of model calculations of seasonally thawed depth (STD) dynamics. The study examines the role of surface snow albedo decreases due to short-term intrusions of warm air masses, leading to the intensification of snow melting and soil surface heating due to increase in absorbed incoming solar radiation, is analyzed. A version of the Leibenson model, validated by data of observations, is used for assessing the role of landscape factors and meteorological conditions in the dynamics of STD. Despite the simplified formulation of the problem and the approximate assignment of heat and mass transfer of soil properties in the area under study, the model results could be considered satisfactory, and proposed approach can be used for assessing the state of STD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Северная Земля</kwd><kwd>многолетняя мерзлота</kwd><kwd>сезонно-талый слой</kwd><kwd>энергомассообмен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Severnaya Zemlya</kwd><kwd>permafrost</kwd><kwd>seasonal thawing depth</kwd><kwd>energy and mass exchange</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы 5.1.4 Плана НИТР Росгидромета на 2020– 2024 гг. Регистрационный номер НИТР АААА-А20-120041590009-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded within project 5.1.4 of Roshydromet STW’ Plan 2020–2024. 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