<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2025-71-4-445-468</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-763</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОЛОГИЯ СУШИ И ГИДРОХИМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROLOGY OF LAND AND HYDROCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Some aspects of the nutrient geochemistry of Novaya Zemlya rocks</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Some aspects of the nutrient geochemistry of Novaya Zemlya rocks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5446-7608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Borisenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisenko.gv@ocean.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3793-271X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Rakhimova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhimova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Mosco</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Koltovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koltovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Obrezchikov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obrezchikov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5060-2403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting; IPNE LLC</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting; IPNE LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGEM RAS)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGEM RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>445</fpage><lpage>468</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Borisenko G.V., Rakhimova E.V., Koltovskaya E.V., Obrezchikov F.A., Miroshnikov A.Y., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Borisenko G.V., Rakhimova E.V., Koltovskaya E.V., Obrezchikov F.A., Miroshnikov A.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borisenko G.V., Rakhimova E.V., Koltovskaya E.V., Obrezchikov F.A., Miroshnikov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/763">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/763</self-uri><abstract><p>The primary sources of nutrients in the Arctic are river runoff and remineralization processes. However, the local characteristics of coastal ecosystem functioning are strongly influenced by the supply of nutrients from glacial meltwater, particularly in regions where glacier-fed streams interact with the bedrock. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rocks which form the bedrock of glacial streams, such as sandstones, siltstones, shales and carbonates, can serve as significant sources of nutrient elements (notably nitrogen and silicon) for coastal ecosystems. Laboratory experiments involving the exposure of representative rock samples to distilled water for up to 30 days demonstrated a measurable increase in nutrient concentrations. The observed leaching rates for nitrate nitrogen and dissolved silicon reached up to 7.9 micromoles per square meter per day and 30.7 micromoles per square meter per day, respectively, in the most reactive samples (these were sandstone from Stepovogo bay and siltstone from Blagopolychia bay). The results indicate that the release of nutrient elements from glacial bedrock, particularly during periods of enhanced meltwater runoff, can contribute significantly to the balance of nutrients and primary productivity of Arctic coastal ecosystems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The primary sources of nutrients in the Arctic are river runoff and remineralization processes. However, the local characteristics of coastal ecosystem functioning are strongly influenced by the supply of nutrients from glacial meltwater, particularly in regions where glacier-fed streams interact with the bedrock. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rocks which form the bedrock of glacial streams, such as sandstones, siltstones, shales and carbonates, can serve as significant sources of nutrient elements (notably nitrogen and silicon) for coastal ecosystems. Laboratory experiments involving the exposure of representative rock samples to distilled water for up to 30 days demonstrated a measurable increase in nutrient concentrations. The observed leaching rates for nitrate nitrogen and dissolved silicon reached up to 7.9 micromoles per square meter per day and 30.7 micromoles per square meter per day, respectively, in the most reactive samples (these were sandstone from Stepovogo bay and siltstone from Blagopolychia bay). The results indicate that the release of nutrient elements from glacial bedrock, particularly during periods of enhanced meltwater runoff, can contribute significantly to the balance of nutrients and primary productivity of Arctic coastal ecosystems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Novaya Zemlya</kwd><kwd>Kara Sea</kwd><kwd>rocks</kwd><kwd>nutrients</kwd><kwd>stream runoff</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Novaya Zemlya</kwd><kwd>Kara Sea</kwd><kwd>rocks</kwd><kwd>nutrients</kwd><kwd>stream runoff</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 24-27-00079 “Influence of glacial runoff on hydrochemical structure and primary productivity of Novaya Zemlya bays”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 24-27-00079 “Influence of glacial runoff on hydrochemical structure and primary productivity of Novaya Zemlya bays”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vihma T. Effects of arctic sea ice decline on weather and climate: A review. Surveys in Geophysics. 2014;35:1175–1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-014-9284-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vihma T. Effects of arctic sea ice decline on weather and climate: A review. Surveys in Geophysics. 2014;35:1175–1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-014-9284-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins M., Dai A. The impact of sea-ice loss on arctic climate feedbacks and their role for arctic amplification. Geophysical Research Letters. 2021;48(15):e2021GL094599. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094599</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins M., Dai A. The impact of sea-ice loss on arctic climate feedbacks and their role for arctic amplification. Geophysical Research Letters. 2021;48(15):e2021GL094599. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094599</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonnett N., Birchall S.J. Vulnerable communities: The need for local-scale climate change adaptation planning. Climate Action. 2020;873–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_87-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonnett N., Birchall S.J. Vulnerable communities: The need for local-scale climate change adaptation planning. Climate Action. 2020;873–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_87-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalpadado P., Arrigo K.R., Hjøllo S.S., Rey F., Ingvaldsen R.B., Sperfeld E., Van Dijken G.L., Stige L.C., Olsen A., Ottersen G. Productivity in the Barents Sea — response to recent climate variability. PloS One. 2014;9(5):e95273. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalpadado P., Arrigo K.R., Hjøllo S.S., Rey F., Ingvaldsen R.B., Sperfeld E., Van Dijken G.L., Stige L.C., Olsen A., Ottersen G. Productivity in the Barents Sea — response to recent climate variability. PloS One. 2014;9(5):e95273. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arrigo K.R., Van Dijken G.L. Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary production. Progress in Oceanography. 2015;136:60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arrigo K.R., Van Dijken G.L. Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary production. Progress in Oceanography. 2015;136:60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koryakin V.S. Glaciers of Novaya Zemlya in the 20th century and global warming. Nature. 2013;(1):42–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koryakin V.S. Glaciers of Novaya Zemlya in the 20th century and global warming. Nature. 2013;(1):42–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franson S.E., Smith J.L., Johnson M. Arctic ecosystem response to climate change: hydrological and biogeochemical perspectives. Polar Research. 2015;34:201–214. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.20115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franson S.E., Smith J.L., Johnson M. Arctic ecosystem response to climate change: hydrological and biogeochemical perspectives. Polar Research. 2015;34:201–214. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.20115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pain A., Martin J., Martin E. Differences in the quantity and quality of organic matter exported from Greenlandic glacial and deglaciated watersheds. Global Biochemical Cycles. 2020; 34:e2020GB006614. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006614</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pain A., Martin J., Martin E. Differences in the quantity and quality of organic matter exported from Greenlandic glacial and deglaciated watersheds. Global Biochemical Cycles. 2020; 34:e2020GB006614. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006614</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGovern S.T., Evans C.D., Dennis P., Walmsley C.A., Turner A., McDonald M.A. Increased inorganic nitrogen leaching from a mountain grassland ecosystem following grazing removal: a hangover of past intensive land-use? Biogeochemistry. 2014;119(1):125–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9952-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGovern S.T., Evans C.D., Dennis P., Walmsley C.A., Turner A., McDonald M.A. Increased inorganic nitrogen leaching from a mountain grassland ecosystem following grazing removal: a hangover of past intensive land-use? Biogeochemistry. 2014;119(1):125–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9952-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nitishinsky M., Anderson L.G., Hölemann J.A. Inorganic carbon and nutrient fluxes on the arctic shelf. Continental Shelf Research. 2007;27(10–11):1584–1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nitishinsky M., Anderson L.G., Hölemann J.A. Inorganic carbon and nutrient fluxes on the arctic shelf. Continental Shelf Research. 2007;27(10–11):1584–1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wadham J.L., Hawkings J., Telling J., Chandler D., Alcock J., O'Donnell E., Kaur P., Bagshaw E., Tranter M., Tedstone A., Nienow P. Sources, cycling and export of nitrogen on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Biogeosciences. 2016;13(22):6339–6352. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6339-2016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wadham J.L., Hawkings J., Telling J., Chandler D., Alcock J., O'Donnell E., Kaur P., Bagshaw E., Tranter M., Tedstone A., Nienow P. Sources, cycling and export of nitrogen on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Biogeosciences. 2016;13(22):6339–6352. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6339-2016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon J.C., Campbell S.W., Durham B. Geologic nitrogen and climate change in the geochemical budget of Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland. Geomorphology. 2012;167:70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon J.C., Campbell S.W., Durham B. Geologic nitrogen and climate change in the geochemical budget of Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland. Geomorphology. 2012;167:70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatia M.P., Kujawinski E.B., Das S.B., Breier C.F., Henderson P.B., Charette M.A. Greenland meltwater as a significant and potentially bioavailable source of iron to the ocean. Nature Geoscience. 2013;6:274–278. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1746</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatia M.P., Kujawinski E.B., Das S.B., Breier C.F., Henderson P.B., Charette M.A. Greenland meltwater as a significant and potentially bioavailable source of iron to the ocean. Nature Geoscience. 2013;6:274–278. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopwood M.J., Bacon S., Arendt K., Connelly D.P., Statham P.J. Glacial meltwater from Greenland is not likely to be an important source of Fe to the North Atlantic. Biogeochemistry. 2015;124(1):1–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopwood M.J., Bacon S., Arendt K., Connelly D.P., Statham P.J. Glacial meltwater from Greenland is not likely to be an important source of Fe to the North Atlantic. Biogeochemistry. 2015;124(1):1–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon J.C., Thorn C.E., Darmody R.G., Campbell S.W. Weathering rinds and rock coatings from an Arctic alpine environment, northern Scandinavia. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 2002;114(2):226–238. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114&lt;0226:WRARCF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon J.C., Thorn C.E., Darmody R.G., Campbell S.W. Weathering rinds and rock coatings from an Arctic alpine environment, northern Scandinavia. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 2002;114(2):226–238. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114&lt;0226:WRARCF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawkings J., Wadham J., Tranter M., Lawson E., Sole A., Cowton T., Tedstone A., Bartholomew I., Nienow P., Chandler D., Telling J. The effect of warming climate on nutrient and solute export from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Geochemical Perspectives Letters. 2015;1(1):94–104. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1510</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawkings J., Wadham J., Tranter M., Lawson E., Sole A., Cowton T., Tedstone A., Bartholomew I., Nienow P., Chandler D., Telling J. The effect of warming climate on nutrient and solute export from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Geochemical Perspectives Letters. 2015;1(1):94–104. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1510</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musilova M., Tranter M., Bamber J.L., Takeuchi N., Anesio A.M. Microbially driven export of labile organic carbon from the Greenland ice sheet. Nature Geoscience. 2017;10:360–365. https:// doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2920</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musilova M., Tranter M., Bamber J.L., Takeuchi N., Anesio A.M. Microbially driven export of labile organic carbon from the Greenland ice sheet. Nature Geoscience. 2017;10:360–365. https:// doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2920</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pogojeva M., Polukhin A., Makkaveev P., Staalstrøm A., Berezina A., Yakushev E. Arctic inshore biogeochemical regime influenced by coastal runoff and glacial melting (case study for the Templefjord, Spitsbergen). Geosciences. 2022;12(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pogojeva M., Polukhin A., Makkaveev P., Staalstrøm A., Berezina A., Yakushev E. Arctic inshore biogeochemical regime influenced by coastal runoff and glacial melting (case study for the Templefjord, Spitsbergen). Geosciences. 2022;12(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polukhin A., Makkaveev P., Miroshnikov A., Borisenko G., Khlebopashev P. Leaching of inorganic carbon and nutrients from rocks of the Arctic archipelagos (Novaya Zemlya and Svalbard). Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2021;21(4):2. https://doi.org/10.2205/2021ES000758</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polukhin A., Makkaveev P., Miroshnikov A., Borisenko G., Khlebopashev P. Leaching of inorganic carbon and nutrients from rocks of the Arctic archipelagos (Novaya Zemlya and Svalbard). Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2021;21(4):2. https://doi.org/10.2205/2021ES000758</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borisenko G.V. Hydrochemical features of the watercourses of Novaya Zemlya (Kara coast) and their influence on the hydrochemical regime of the bays of the archipelago. Synopsis of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of geographical sciences. M.: P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisenko G.V. Hydrochemical features of the watercourses of Novaya Zemlya (Kara coast) and their influence on the hydrochemical regime of the bays of the archipelago. Synopsis of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of geographical sciences. M.: P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makkaveev P.N., Polukhin A.A., Khlebopashev P.V. The surface runoff of nutrients from the coasts of Blagopoluchiya bay of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Oceanology. 2013;53(5):539–546. https://doi.org/10.1134/S000143701305010X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makkaveev P.N., Polukhin A.A., Khlebopashev P.V. The surface runoff of nutrients from the coasts of Blagopoluchiya bay of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Oceanology. 2013;53(5):539–546. https://doi.org/10.1134/S000143701305010X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flint M.V. Cruise 54th of the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Kara Sea. Oceanology. 2010;50(5):637. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437010050012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flint M.V. Cruise 54th of the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Kara Sea. Oceanology. 2010;50(5):637. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437010050012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flint M.V., Poyarkov S.G. Comprehensive research on the Kara Sea ecosystem (128th cruise of research vessel Professor Shtokman). Oceanology. 2015;55(4):657. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437015040074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flint M.V., Poyarkov S.G. Comprehensive research on the Kara Sea ecosystem (128th cruise of research vessel Professor Shtokman). Oceanology. 2015;55(4):657. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437015040074</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolshiyanov D.Yu. River systems of Novaya Zemlya: features of morphology, regime, and runoff. Izvestiya of the Russian Geographical Society. 2006;138(3):11–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolshiyanov D.Yu. River systems of Novaya Zemlya: features of morphology, regime, and runoff. Izvestiya of the Russian Geographical Society. 2006;138(3):11–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grasshoff K., Kremling K., Ehrhardt M. Methods of seawater analysis. Weinheim: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2007. 632 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grasshoff K., Kremling K., Ehrhardt M. Methods of seawater analysis. Weinheim: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2007. 632 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukhanov V.S., Litvinyuk D.A., Sakhon E.G., Bagaev A.V., Veerasingam S., VenkatachalapathyR. A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples. Ecologica Montenegrina. 2019;23:77–86. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.23.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhanov V.S., Litvinyuk D.A., Sakhon E.G., Bagaev A.V., Veerasingam S., VenkatachalapathyR. A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples. Ecologica Montenegrina. 2019;23:77–86. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.23.10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korago E.A., Kovaleva G.N., Schekoldin R.A., Il’in V.F., Gusev E.A., Krylov A.A., Gorbunov D.A. Geological structure of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago (West Russian Arctic) and peculiarities of the tectonics of the Eurasian Arctic. Geotectonics. 2022;56(2):123–156. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852122020030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korago E.A., Kovaleva G.N., Schekoldin R.A., Il’in V.F., Gusev E.A., Krylov A.A., Gorbunov D.A. Geological structure of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago (West Russian Arctic) and peculiarities of the tectonics of the Eurasian Arctic. Geotectonics. 2022;56(2):123–156. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852122020030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrov O.V., Sobolev N.N., Koren T.N., Vasiliev V.E., Petrov E.O., Larssen G.B., Smelror M. Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic evolution of the East Barents and Kara seas sedimentary basins. Norwegian Journal of Geology. 2008;88(4):227–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov O.V., Sobolev N.N., Koren T.N., Vasiliev V.E., Petrov E.O., Larssen G.B., Smelror M. Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic evolution of the East Barents and Kara seas sedimentary basins. Norwegian Journal of Geology. 2008;88(4):227–234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ustritsky V.I., Tugarova M.A. Unique Permian and Triassic section penetrated by theAdmiralteyskaya-1 well (Barents Sea). Oil and Gas Geology. Theory and Practice. 2013;8(2):1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustritsky V.I., Tugarova M.A. Unique Permian and Triassic section penetrated by theAdmiralteyskaya-1 well (Barents Sea). Oil and Gas Geology. Theory and Practice. 2013;8(2):1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matveev V.P., Tarasenko A.B. A retrospective model of sedimentation of black shale and carbonate formations of the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous on Severny Island, Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. In: Maslov A.V. (ed.) Sedimentary Complexes of the Urals and Adjacent</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveev V.P., Tarasenko A.B. A retrospective model of sedimentation of black shale and carbonate formations of the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous on Severny Island, Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. In: Maslov A.V. (ed.) Sedimentary Complexes of the Urals and Adjacent</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirmasov A.B. Fundamentals of Structural Analysis. M.: Nauchny Mir; 2011. 368 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirmasov A.B. Fundamentals of Structural Analysis. M.: Nauchny Mir; 2011. 368 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyers P.A. Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter. Chemical geology. 1994;114(3-4):289–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyers P.A. Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter. Chemical geology. 1994;114(3-4):289–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falkowski P.G., Fenchel T., Delong E.F. The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles. Science. 2008;320(5879):1034–1039. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153213</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falkowski P.G., Fenchel T., Delong E.F. The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles. Science. 2008;320(5879):1034–1039. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153213</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlesinger W.H., Bernhardt E.S. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change. 3rd edition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2013. 688 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlesinger W.H., Bernhardt E.S. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change. 3rd edition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2013. 688 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedges J.I., Stern J.H. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnology and Oceanography. 1986;29(3):657–663. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.3.0657</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedges J.I., Stern J.H. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnology and Oceanography. 1986;29(3):657–663. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.3.0657</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allègre C., Manhès G., Lewin É. Chemical composition of the earth and the volatility control on planetary genetics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2001;185(1–2):49–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00359-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allègre C., Manhès G., Lewin É. Chemical composition of the earth and the volatility control on planetary genetics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2001;185(1–2):49–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00359-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sweeney B.W. Bioenergetic and developmental response of a mayfly to thermal variation 1. Limnology and Oceanography. 1978;23(3):461–477. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.3.0461</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sweeney B.W. Bioenergetic and developmental response of a mayfly to thermal variation 1. Limnology and Oceanography. 1978;23(3):461–477. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.3.0461</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freeze R.A., Cherry J.A. Groundwater. Prentice Hall Inc.: Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1979. 624 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freeze R.A., Cherry J.A. Groundwater. Prentice Hall Inc.: Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1979. 624 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holloway J.M., Dahlgren R.A. Nitrogen in rock: Occurrences and biogeochemical implications. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2002;16(4):1118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001862</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holloway J.M., Dahlgren R.A. Nitrogen in rock: Occurrences and biogeochemical implications. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2002;16(4):1118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001862</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahlgren R.A. Soil acidification and nitrogen saturation from weathering of ammonium-bearing rock. Nature. 1994;368(6474):838–841. https://doi.org/10.1038/368838a0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahlgren R.A. Soil acidification and nitrogen saturation from weathering of ammonium-bearing rock. Nature. 1994;368(6474):838–841. https://doi.org/10.1038/368838a0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holloway J.M., Dahlgren R.A., Hansen B., Casey W.H. Contribution of bedrock nitrogen to high nitrate concentrations in stream water. Nature. 1998;395(6704):785–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/27360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holloway J.M., Dahlgren R.A., Hansen B., Casey W.H. Contribution of bedrock nitrogen to high nitrate concentrations in stream water. Nature. 1998;395(6704):785–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/27360</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morford J.L., Emerson S., Breckel E.J., Kim S.H. Geochemistry of redox-sensitive trace metals in sediments of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2011;75(3):858–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morford J.L., Emerson S., Breckel E.J., Kim S.H. Geochemistry of redox-sensitive trace metals in sediments of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2011;75(3):858–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deas M., Laird J., Tanaka S., Dahlgren R. A. Geologically-derived nitrogen and phosphorus as a source of riverine nutrients. Earth Critical Zone. 2024;1(1):100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecz.2024.100003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deas M., Laird J., Tanaka S., Dahlgren R. A. Geologically-derived nitrogen and phosphorus as a source of riverine nutrients. Earth Critical Zone. 2024;1(1):100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecz.2024.100003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newton R., Bottrell S. Stable isotopes of carbon and sulphur as indicators of environmental change: past and present. Journal of the Geological Society. 2007;164(4): 691–708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newton R., Bottrell S. Stable isotopes of carbon and sulphur as indicators of environmental change: past and present. Journal of the Geological Society. 2007;164(4): 691–708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duit W., Jansen J.B.H., van Breemen A., Bos A. Ammonium micas in metamorphic rocks as exemplified by Dome de l'Agout (France). American Journal of Science. 1986;286(9):702–732. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.286.9.702</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duit W., Jansen J.B.H., van Breemen A., Bos A. Ammonium micas in metamorphic rocks as exemplified by Dome de l'Agout (France). American Journal of Science. 1986;286(9):702–732. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.286.9.702</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wymore A.S., Fazekas H.M., McDowell W.H. Quantifying the frequency of synchronous carbon and nitrogen export to the river network. Biogeochemistry. 20121;152(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00741-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wymore A.S., Fazekas H.M., McDowell W.H. Quantifying the frequency of synchronous carbon and nitrogen export to the river network. Biogeochemistry. 20121;152(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00741-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitin D.A., Lysak L.V., Badmadashiev D.V., Kholod S.S., Mergelov N.S., Dolgikh A.V., Goryachkin S.V. Biological activity of soils in the north of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago: Effect of the largest glacial sheet in Russia. Eurasian Soil Science. 2021;54:1496–1516. https:// doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321130066</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitin D.A., Lysak L.V., Badmadashiev D.V., Kholod S.S., Mergelov N.S., Dolgikh A.V., Goryachkin S.V. Biological activity of soils in the north of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago: Effect of the largest glacial sheet in Russia. Eurasian Soil Science. 2021;54:1496–1516. https:// doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321130066</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laverov N.P., Velichkin V.I., Miroshnikov A.Yu., Krupskaya V.V., Asadulin E.E., Semenkov I.N., Usacheva A.A., Zakusin S.V., Terskaya E.V. Geochemical structure and radiation status of the coastal landscapes of the Kara Sea bays of Novaya Zemlya. Doklady Akademii Nauk = Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2016;467:342–342. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X16030193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laverov N.P., Velichkin V.I., Miroshnikov A.Yu., Krupskaya V.V., Asadulin E.E., Semenkov I.N., Usacheva A.A., Zakusin S.V., Terskaya E.V. Geochemical structure and radiation status of the coastal landscapes of the Kara Sea bays of Novaya Zemlya. Doklady Akademii Nauk = Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2016;467:342–342. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X16030193</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
