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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aari</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Antarctic Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0555-2648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6713</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30758/0555-2648-2026-72-1-127-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aari-795</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛЯЦИОЛОГИЯ И КРИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GLACIOLOGY AND CRYOLOGY OF THE EARTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электронный архив данных о разрывах в ледяном покрове арктических морей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electronic archive of data on leads in the Arctic seas.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-922X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дымент</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyment</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ldyment@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойкая</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boikaya</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6545-3635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кортикова</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kortikova</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-9772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порубаев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porubaev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиркова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>72</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дымент Л.Н., Бойкая Е.Г., Ершова А.А., Кортикова К.Г., Порубаев В.С., Чиркова А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дымент Л.Н., Бойкая Е.Г., Ершова А.А., Кортикова К.Г., Порубаев В.С., Чиркова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dyment L.N., Boikaya E.G., Ershova A.A., Kortikova K.G., Porubaev V.S., Chirkova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/795">https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/795</self-uri><abstract><p>Разрывы в ледяном покрове арктических морей являются потенциальными маршрутами более легкого плавания в зимне-весенний период. В связи с этим климатические и прогностические значения их характеристик весьма востребованы для нужд навигации. До настоящего времени не существовало архива, содержащего данные о разрывах за достаточно продолжительный период времени и в виде, позволяющем рассчитывать такие важные характеристики, как преобладающая ориентация и протяженность разрывов. В статье изложен процесс создания архива данных о разрывах в морском ледяном покрове с использованием метода их автоматической идентификации на снимках видимого и инфракрасного диапазона ИСЗ SuomiNPP и Terra с пространственным разрешением 250–1000 м. Формат представления информации в архиве позволяет определять длину и ориентацию каждого разрыва. Проведена верификация данных созданного архива путем сопоставления значений модальной ориентации и удельной длины разрывов, рассчитанных по данным автоматического и экспертного дешифрирования. Показано, что сформированный архив может быть использован при прогнозировании преобладающей ориентации разрывов для нужд судоходства, а также при определении характеристик разрывов, необходимых для исследования их пространственной и временной изменчивости в контексте изменения климата в Арктике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sea ice leads are narrow linear-shaped openings enclosed in ice. They may be covered with nilas or young ice. Climatological values of modal lead orientation and specific lead length are important characteristics for the study of spatial and temporal variability of leads both for needs of navigation in the Arctic and in the context of the Arctic climate change. To calculate climatological lead characteristics, a long-period data archive is required. The main source of observations on leads is satellite imagery. Manual interpretation of leads in satellite images is an extremely labor-intensive process. In 2025, we developed a method for automatic identification of leads retrieved from SuomiNPP infrared satellite images using a convolutional neural network. As a result of image processing with this method, each lead is represented as a polyline and defined by a set of geographic coordinates for the ends of the line segments. This kind of data representation provides calculation of all the main lead characteristics. Using the method, we compiled a data archive on leads in the Laptev and East Siberian Seas for 2012–2025. Data on leads for spring months were derived from visible-range SuomiNPP (for April–May 2012–2025) and Terra (for March–May 2000–2011) images. For this type of images, the model was retrained. The results obtained were verified by comparing the modal orientation and specific length of leads calculated from automatically identified data with those from expert interpretation data. It was found that the difference in modal orientation of leads was minor in a vast majority of cases: the average difference was 7–8°. Differences in the specific lead length were also small, averaging 1–10 m/km2. Data on leads in the winter months of 2000–2011 were retrieved from the free available results of processing the MODIS ice surface temperature data by applying the “multiway” algorithm, which is part of our method for automatic identification of leads. Verification of the results obtained in this way showed that the average difference in modal orientation values was 11°. Therefore, using lead data from all the datasets produced will not introduce significant error in the subsequent determination of generalized lead characteristics, provided that differences in the spatial resolution are taken into account. This enables us to aggregate all the datasets produced into a single data archive on leads in the Laptev and East Siberian seas in 2000–2025.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автоматическое дешифрирование</kwd><kwd>арктический ледяной покров</kwd><kwd>модальная ориентация</kwd><kwd>нарушения сплошности льда</kwd><kwd>пространственная плотность разрывов</kwd><kwd>сверточная нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>спутниковые снимки арктических морей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>automatic interpretation</kwd><kwd>Arctic sea ice leads</kwd><kwd>ice convolutional neural network</kwd><kwd>ice openings</kwd><kwd>modal orientation</kwd><kwd>satellite images</kwd><kwd>spatial density of leads</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-27-00008, https://rscf.ru/project/25-27-00008/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by Russian Science Foundation, grant number 25-27-00008, https://rscf.ru/project/25-27-00008/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбунов Ю.А., Карелин И.Д., Лосев С.М. 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