Aspects of ice engineering for the aims of construction of the transport infrastructure and reconnaissance drilling in the Arctic
https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-4-407-426
Abstract
Starting from the mid 2000-s the increase of sustained development of the Russian Arctic is observed, in many cases the technologies using the ice cover as an infrastructure element and the ice as the construction materials are used. In the present time the different approaches of use of natural and artificial ice for applied tasks on the Arctic offshore exist. For example, the clearance of the upper surface of ice from snow and ridges is used for the purposes of the vessel unloading on the fast ice or constructing the airstrips on the drifting ice cover. In case of insufficient thickness of the level ice the latter is increased by the means of preliminary freezing (natural on the bottom side of ice and artificial by pouring the fresh or saline water on the upper surface). By constructing the artificial ice islands the ice body is made by spraying the sea water with the partial freezing of the water drops in the air and further freezing of the 2-phase elements (i.e. ice crystals in the liquid film) on the surface of the ice cover. The problem of cracks in the ice cover is solved by different means according to the proper task. When it is possible, the cracks are “healed”— i.e. are filled with the snow and ice gravel and then freezed. In case of impossibility of use of such method (for example — presence of tidal cracks or relatively high air temperature) the cracks are overlapped with the help of different covers made of different materials and of different sizes. The promising trend of ice technology is involving the reinforced or composite ice, having the increased strength, into the ice engineering practice. By unloading the cargo ships on the fast ice the ice strength is decreased locally for the purpose of easy berthing of the vessel with safekeeping the original strength of the surrounding ice for the aims of the vessel unloading. This problem is solved by creating the system of notches in the ice cover according to the vessel dimensions. The specialized hydrometeorological support on every stage of the ice engineering operation is an essential element of the ice engineering activities on the ice cover of lakes, rivers and seas.
Keywords
artificial ice islands,
drifting ice,
fast ice,
ice berths,
ice landing strips,
ice roads,
ice technology
Supporting agencies: RSF (project № 18-13-00392)
About the Authors
N. V. Kubyshkin
Arctic Shelf Consulting LLC
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
I. V. Buzin
State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
N. V. Golovin
State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Yu. P. Gudoshnikov
State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
G. A. Zamarin
State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
A. A. Skutin
State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
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Review
For citations:
Kubyshkin N.V., Buzin I.V., Golovin N.V., Gudoshnikov Yu.P., Zamarin G.A., Skutin A.A. Aspects of ice engineering for the aims of construction of the transport infrastructure and reconnaissance drilling in the Arctic. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2018;64(4):407-426. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-4-407-426
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