In the second part of the article, peculiarities of the oil spills modeling for applied problems are marked, and some examples of simulation results are submitted. As an example of a oil spill model, which able to ensure the needs of information support of applied problems, the description of model SPILLMOD is presented in the final part of the article. Also a set of parameterizations allowing to take into account the role of hydrometeorological conditions for use skimmers and booms in oil spill response operations are described.

Overview of the Russian remote sensing investigations in the East Antarctic inland and the subglacialLakeVostokis described in the paper. Ground-based radio-echo sounding was carried out along the logistic traverse routes “Mirny – Vostok” and “Progress – Vostok”. The main features of the subice landscape and the ice sheet were revealed. Besides, two subglacial lakes were discovered there. They were named asKomsomolskoeLakeandPionerskoeLake. Bedrock topography, the depth of the lake, ice thickness and other maps were compiled on the results of the geophysical investigations in theLakeVostok. The lake coastal line was also detected. Eleven islands and 56 small water caves were discovered in theLakeVostokarea. All the geophysical data are pointed the lake is completely isolated.

The research of dynamic loading of ice are presented. Physical and mathematical model of the behavior of ice under shock loads explosive and a numerical method for calculating the stressstrain state ice have been developed. Full-scale experiments on the destruction of the annual river ice explosive charge in water was conducted. Laboratory experiment on impact of the spherical impactor with ice barriers is made. The task of the penetration of the spherical steel impactor into ice was solved.

The western part of the Russian Arctic sector accumulates more than 300 industrial objects which are considered as critical and require regular observations and monitoring. The paper observes experience and presents cases of georadar studies performed by the Mining Institute KSC RAS on mining enterprises, hydrotechnical facilities, linear extended objects, ditches and construction sites, as well as for identifying and tracing underground engineering communications.

The paper gives a brief overview of studies on ship operation in ice under the stern-first mode that preceded the development of double-acting ship technologies. The evolution of the double-acting concept from its inception till present time is analyzed. The paper provides a critical analysis of the claimed propulsion and maneuvering performance of large-size double-acting vessels. A possible source of errors in self-propulsion astern model tests in ice basins is described.

The results of hydrochemical study received during drift of SP-34 and SP-35 stations, and also oceanographic supervision in high-latitude Arctic expeditions 2005 and 2007 are presented. Variability of distribution of the dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in a core of the Atlantic water mass (AWM) in theEurasianBasinis investigated. Distribution of oxygen in a core of AWM is characterized by its almost constant contents in Amundsen andNansenBasinsand over Gakkel Ridge. Vertical distribution of oxygen in hollows is characterized by a minimum in a core of the Atlantic waters.

It is shown that there is a relation between the water temperature in the core of AWM and AOU in the studied area — with reduction of water temperature apparent oxygen utilization increases.

The smallest AOU is observed in AWM coming fromFramStraittoNansenBasin. Along the Eurasian continental slope AOU in a core of AWM increases, also the greatest its value has return Atlantic waters inAmundsenBasin. The possible scenarios explaining transformation of characteristics of a core of AWM extending along the Lomonosov Ridge are discussed.

Apparent oxygen utilization in a core of AWM has significant variations of sizes in Nansen andAmundsenBasinsand unlike the size of the dissolved oxygen which variability is small, can serve as the good indicator of transformation and circulation of the Atlantic waters in theEurasianBasin.

In recent decades, onboard scientific vessels, the authors carry out studies of microphysical and optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in high-latitude regions of ocean: mass concentrations of aerosol and “black carbon” in near-water atmospheric layer, disperse composition of particles, aerosol optical depth in wavelength range of 0.34–2.14 mm, and water vapor content of the atmosphere. There are summarized and comparatively analyzed the mean aerosol characteristics, obtained in the Southern Ocean (51st–59th RAE), 100-mile zone near Antarctica, and three regions of theArctic Ocean. The specific features of the spatial distribution and time variations in aerosol parameters in polar regions are discussed.

The results of the probabilistic analysis of sea currents velocity ADCP measurements was collected from September 2001 to October 2003 simultaneously at two stations on series of horizons.

In present study the dataset is analyzed in non-stationary approximation in case of periodically correlated random processes (PСRP) in the range of seasonal variability (period of correlation 1 year) and polyperiodically correlated random processes (PPCRP) in the range of tidal variability (periods of correlation are lunar and solar days and half of these days with considering of monthly, semimonthly and the long-term inequalities). The results of the analysis are in the range of annual, tidal and synoptic sea currents variability in the quasi-stationary approximation after filtration (filtration of annual and diurnal cycles).

Our research presents new pollen data about the last stages of the Holocene. The data show vegetation changes in the transition of the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods in theBarents Seacoast, caused by the fall in temperatures. We retrieved pollen data from different genesis sites; therefore we can reconstruct not only local, but also regional vegetation. Around 3000–2500 years ago on the region was spread forest-tundra vegetation associated with the relatively warm period. Around 2500–2000 years ago was spread tundra vegetation associated with cold period. Pollen analysis is a very important key to the reconstruction of vegetation and climate change.